材料热力学与动力学_2.pptVIP

Dr. Lu Li Diffusion Process Down-Hill Diffusion Diffusion and Free Energy Up-Hill Diffusion 2.1 Atomic Mechanisms of Diffusion 2.1.2 Interstitial Mechanism 2.1.3 Random Jump of Atoms 2.1.4 Statistics of the Random Jump Process 2.1.5 Thermal Activation 2.1.6 Dimensional Analysis 2.2 Steady-State Diffusion 2.2.2 Diffusion during precipitation 2.2.3 Diffusion in multiphase systems 2.3 Fick’s second Law and its Applications 2.3.2 the Gauss Function Solution 2.3.3 the Error Function Solution 2.3.4 the Sine Function Solution 2.3.5 the Exponential Function Solution 2.3.6 Summary on the Solutions of Fick’s 2nd Law Summary End of Chapter 2 A. The Basic Form of a Sine Function Solution If the initial concentration distribution at t = 0 is: (1) The concentration distribution at time t will be: (2) Features ? the amplitude will decrease exponentially with time ? the concentration distributes periodically with the wavelength of l B. Application of the Sine Function Solution I : Square Wave 0 C CS 2CS y d 3d 5d -3d -d Most functions can be developed into a Fourier series, i.e. a series of infinite sine functions with successively decreased amplitudes. The above square wave with the wave length of 4d can be developed as: offset in y offset in C amplitude Wave Length initial amplitude n = 0 (1st harmonic) n = 1 (2nd harmonic) n = 2 n = 3 Solution of the square wave example 0 CS 2CS y d 3d 5d -3d -d t = 0 = 0.1 = 0.2 = 0.3 = 0.5 = 0.7 Some Notices about the Sine-Function Solution The speed of the exponential reduction of the amplitude is proportional to the square of the wave length for a harmonic. Only the first harmonic should be considered for a long-time diffusion. Since the exponential-term is related to the amplitude of the concentration fluctuation. It is the exponential-term not the sine-term in a sine-function solution that is of most interest in a practical problem. C. Application of the Sine Function Solution II : Homogenizati