英文文献翻译：评估服务贸易自由化给发展中国家带来的好英文文献翻译.docVIP

英文文献翻译 Assessing the Benefits to Developing Countries of Liberalisation in Services Trade1 John Whalley The University of Western Ontario 1. INTRODUCTION a. Background This paper assesses the present state of quantitative literature which seeks to evaluate the potential impacts which would follow from global services trade liberalisation as it relates to developing countries. It is important to emphasize that what are frequently referred to as developing countries are themselves also a heterogeneous group of countries. They span rapidly growing economies in Asia, negative growth economies (in GDP/capita) in Africa, middle income and very poor countries，small and large, landlocked and ocean access; heavily regulated and recently Liberalised. I prefer the term poorer countries, and use this interchangeably with the term developing countries in the text. Much of the literature at issue is relatively recent, and is scattered in working papers and other less accessible sources. Policy makers clearly need help in unraveling this at times confusing and fragmentary picture of what the research community has to offer to guide their deliberations. This paper aims to do this rather than to advocate particular policy positions on global services liberalisation. b. Nature of Services The paper begins by characterizing services as a majority of activity for most OECD economies (as measured by employment, and by value added originating),and a smaller but still large portion of activity for poorer developing countries. It suggests that so-called 慶ore?services can best be thought of (see Melvin, 1989) as relating to 1 This is a draft of a report prepared for the OECD Trade Directorate. The author is grateful to KcnHcydon, and his colleagues at OECD for extensive comments and help with logistical and bibliographical support. 1 英文文献翻译 intermediation through time (banking, insurance) or space (telecoms, transportation, retailing, wholesaling), with a wide range of diverse additional