室内模拟旱直播稻田环境下齐整小核菌Sclerotium rolfsii 菌株SC64 致病力的影响因子及除草效果的研究.docVIP

28(1)109-115  中国生物防治学报 Chinese Journal of Biological Control  2012 年 2 月  室内模拟旱直播稻田环境下齐整小核菌Sclerotium rolfsii 菌株SC64致病力的影响因子及除草效果的研究 唐伟，朱云枝，强胜* （南京农业大学杂草研究室，南京 210095） 摘要：本文通过温室盆栽试验，以鳢肠 Eclipta prostrata为例，研究杂草叶龄、不同含菌丝体基质接种量以及 温度、土壤湿度、保湿期时间等环境因子对菌株 SC64侵染鳢肠的影响。在此基础上，温室条件下模拟旱直播 水稻田环境下菌株 SC64防治节节菜 Rotala indica、异型莎草 Cyperus difformis、鸭舌草 Monochoria vaginalis 和耳叶水苋 Ammannia arenaria的试验。结果表明，鳢肠幼苗在 5叶期以下，接种含菌丝体固体基质剂量在 100 g?m?2以上，温度范围 27～33 ，土壤相对饱水 90%左右，并且接菌后湿度保持至少 24 h，是菌株 SC64达 到理想除草效果的必需条件。温室模拟试验结果显示，接种含菌丝体固体基质剂量在 120 g?m?2时，28 d可引 起节节菜和鸭舌草 81%和 74%的植株死亡率及 83.8%和 82.5%的鲜重抑制率；对异型莎草和耳叶水苋的防效稍 差，仅能引起约 50%的植株死亡率及 60%～65%的鲜重抑制率。这表明菌株 SC64可有效控制阔叶杂草，具有 开发作为生物除草剂的潜力。 关键词：齐整小核菌；含菌丝体固体基质；鳢肠；旱直播水稻；阔叶杂草；生物除草剂 中图分类号：S476.15；S433.83 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1005-9261(2012)01-0109-07  Factors Affecting Pathogenicity of Sclerotium rolfsii Isolate SC64 to Broadleaf Weeds under Simulated Dry-seeded Rice Condition TANG Wei, ZHU Yunzhi, QIANG Sheng* (Weed Research Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China) Abstract: The fungus Sclerotium rolfsii is presently under development as a bioherbicide for broadleaf weed species by using fungus-infested solid substrates as application material in this laboratory. We examined the effect of host-plant growth stage, dosage of inoculum, soil moisture condition, temperature, and damp soil duration on plant mortality and fresh weight inhibition of eclipta (Eclipta prostrata) caused by isolate SC64 in pot experiments under greenhouse conditions. Perfect control efficacy was recorded following application before 5 leaf stage, with over 100 g?m?2 fungus-infested substrates (rice husk/bran substrate, 2:1, v/v), and exposure of weeds to 27?33 ℃, soil of 90% water holding capacity and at least 24 h damp soil duration. A simulation experiment of dry-seeded rice was carried out to examine the performance of S. rolfsii SC64 to broadleaf weeds under greenhouse conditions. Results showed that isolate SC64 (120 g?m?2) caused 81% and 74% plant