第二章 Physic+chemic indicators-140.pptVIP

Chapter 2 Sedimentary paleogeography-3 2.1 concepts and law 2.2 sedimentary-facies indicators 2.3 sedimentary environments 2.2 Sed. facies indicators 2.2.1 biologic indicates 2.2.2 physic indicators 2.2.3 chemic indicators 2.2.4 integrated indicators 2.2.2 physic indicators ●lithology●structures on bedding surface●bedding structures ●soft-sedimentdeformations Ph ysi c s ed str uc tur es Lithology Color: originated and weathered Composition: terrigenous, intra-basinal, volcanic and mixing Texture:grain size, sorting, roundness, sphericity, micromorphology, matrix Color: originated weathered Originated: Inherited :dependent on color of clastics. e.gquartz sandstone-white or gray white; feldspar sandstone-reddishAutogenous: originated from minerals and pigments which are formed in the course of syndeposition and diagenesis. e. g. glauconitic sandstone-green. Originated color possesses stable and wide distribution in space, and parallels to original bed boundariesweathered : Weathered: originated from minerals and pigments which are formed in the course of weathering. When bivalent irons are oxygenated to trivalent irons Fe2+→Fe3+ in the rocks, the green will change into the red or brown in the rockweathered color often crosscuts stratifications, distributes along joints, cranny and fault belts, and shows spots, massive or unstable distribution in space. Color: weathered “three-good” Conglomerate (周口店,C2) inherited Oxidized haloes Original color: green Volcanic ashes hydrolyze into chlorite 火山灰水解 成绿 泥石 Tuffaceous tempestite,D1, 北塔山,新疆 “three-good” Conglomerate (周口店,C2) Good sorting, roundness and cementation Baltic beach,Bornholm, Danmak Bad sorting and multicompositions Bad sorting and multicompositions gravels Glendonites from the Permian Wandrawandian Siltstone,Warden Head, Sydney Basin Ikaite CaCO36H2O Oolitic limestone (滇西, Permian) Bedding-plane structures Ripple marks(formed by current, wave and wind) Erosional structures:flut