后美国时代的中国与中亚：以“中心-外围”理论为视角.pdfVIP

摘 要 苏联解体后，中亚地缘政治正在历经一个动态的过渡转型。从地缘上讲前苏 联共和国处于其他亚洲国家的包围之中，这决定了该地区内的国家不会被从前的 “家长” 国所忽视。该地区的丰富的石油和天然气储量再次使其卷入全球能源地缘 政治游戏中。 本文使用“中心—外围理论”和“大宗产品论”来诠释 5 个中亚国家作为外 围的形势，以及俄罗斯从俄国帝制时期到苏维埃帝国的转型。美国曾尝试去赢得 在中亚的影响，但在后苏联时期失败了。由于美国在世界的影响力逐渐减弱，俄 罗斯已经开始努力去发挥它在此地域的作用。然而，俄罗斯却逐渐成为中国的能 源、木材及其他资源的供应国。中国的影响力迫使俄罗斯及前中亚同盟国成为了 外围国。随着与俄罗斯保持友好关系的合作国家及中亚国家逐渐成为上海合作的 组织成员，中国正在成为核心的主导国家，其影响力将稳步上升。中国且持续不 断地接收着从全球内陆贸易区供应来的资源。对于此问题的深入探寻有助于理解 中亚地缘政治的演变及苏联在这一地区的遗产，对解读西方大国（美国）、美国和 中国在中亚地区的地缘互动提供了新的分析依据。 关键词：地理政治 ； 国家利益； “ 中心—外围”理论；地区秩序 ；地缘 4 Abstract Since 1991 the collapse of the Soviet Union, Central Asian geopolitics have been experiencing a dynamic transition. Even though entirely surrounded by other Asian places, the former Soviet republics of the region were not expecting to be neglected by their former “matriarch”. The region’s promising oil and natural gas reserves have again brought it into the global game of energy geopolitics. I am going to use the model of the Core-Periphery and Staples Theory to demonstrate the 5 Central Asian countries’ position as a periphery, firstly to Russia from the Csarist period to the Soviet Empire. The US tried to gain influence in Central Asia but failed in the post-Soviet period. With US influence is waning worldwide, Russia has been trying to exert its strength in the region. However, as Russia increasingly becomes simply a supplier of China’s energy, lumber and other needs, Chinese influence is forcing both Russia and its former Central Asian allies to become a periphery. Along with its partners of Russia and the Central Asian nations in the Shanghai Cooperative Organisation, and anyone else who will join the imminent bandwagon of a “mult