稀土低价出口形成的原因分析.docVIP

摘 要 随着科学技术的发展稀土受到越来越多的重视，被很多国家列为战略性资源，现已被广泛应用于电子、通讯、汽车等高新技术产业。我国是一个稀土大国，在国际稀土贸易中具有举足轻重的地位，但却没有发挥出与这种垄断资源优势相对等的作用。在稀土价值不断被发掘的同时，稀土的价格却在不断的下降，我国的稀土行业的竞争力正面临威胁。从市场结构来说稀土本应是一个卖方垄断的市场，但却形成了当前过度竞争、低价竞销的局面。本文论述了稀土这种低价格形成的基础成因，包括自然、经济及政策几个方面。并在分析比较一般性稀缺矿产资源产品的价格模式的基础上作了进一步的分析，认为我国稀土生产过多，稀土企业间过度竞争导致激烈的价格博弈和出口流向过于集中是形成今天垄断格局下竞争性价格的主要原因。最后，针对这些原因，就如何实现我国稀土价值的回归提出了一些建议，如控制生产出口，形成稀土的国际化的卡特儿组织，做好防止买方垄断的工作，发挥行业协会的作用等。 【关键词】稀土出口 过度竞争 垄断 博弈 Abstract With the development of science and technology, more and more attention is paid to rare earth. What’s more, it has been ranked as a kind of strategic resources by many countries. Nowadays, it has also been widely applied to the high-tech industry, such as the electron, the communication and the automobile. China plays an indispensable role in international rare earth trade since she is abundant in rare earth. However, what she has received is not equivalent to her monopoly sources superiority. Coupled with the increase in the rare earth’s value is the decrease in the rare earth’s price. That contributes to the threat which Chinese rare earth industry is facing. From the perspective of market structure, rare earth’s market should have been a monopoly market, but today it is in a situation that it is filled with excessive competition and low-price sales instead. This thesis discusses the basic reasons for such a low price, including natural, economic and policy aspects. And on a basis of comparison and analysis on the price patterns of the general scarce mineral resources, we conclude that the main reasons for the low price are the excessive production, the fierce price game originated from excessive competition among rare earth enterprises and over-concentrated destination of export. Eventually, we put forward some suggestions on how to realize the value of Chinese rare earth, such as controlling the quantity of export, founding an international cartel organization, avoiding monopoly and performing the function of the industry assoc