高考英语二轮完形填空考点解析12语法知识.docVIP

完形填空突破(八) —语法知识题 完形填空题中也有考查语法知识的题目,考生不仅要理解上下文的逻辑关系,更要有针对性地对语法结构、句式特点以及短文所留空格中要填的词在句子里作什么成分,哪类词合适,应采取什么形式等进行认真的分析思考。比如,选用动词就要考虑各种时态、语态、及物、不及物、主谓搭配以及固定搭配等一系列问题。熟练地掌握基础语法知识并运用其分析解答问题是一种非常有效的解题方法。 1．根据行文关系,准确判断代词 在一篇文章的后文中,为了简便起见,对于前文出现的人或物往往用代词代替,完形填空中也经常会有考查这方面语法现象的试题。考生在做这类试题时,要注意人称代词的单复数形式、替代词的特指和泛指等。 典例 When the children came back to steal her 29 ,she had them stuck on the tree.They had to beg her long 30 she gave the tree permission to let 31 go.Aunty Misery was free from the 32 at last. (2008·陕西) 31．A.it B．them C．him D．her 答案　B 解析　本题考查代词的指代问题。结合文意,此处是她放“偷梨的孩子”走,故用them指代偷梨的孩子。 2．根据逻辑联系,恰当使用从句 定语从句、状语从句和名词性从句是构成文章的重要句型,完形填空中有很多试题是关于从句知识的,旨在考查考生的语篇行文逻辑推理能力。做此类试题时,考生要注意判断空白处在句中充当的成分,以及前后部分的逻辑关系等。 3．根据态度情感,准确使用情态动词 典例 The next morning the stranger,actually a sorcerer (巫师),thanked her by granting (允准) her 26 that anyone who climbed up her tree 27 not be able to come back down until she 28 it. (2008·陕西) 26．A.suggestion B．demandC．permission D．wish 27．A.could B．shouldC．might D．must 28．A.permitted B．promisedC．answered D．declared 答案　26.D　27.B　28.A 解析　26.从下文that引导的同位语从句的内容看,此处应是她的一个很难实现的愿望,而不是suggestion建议；demand要求；permission允许,故选D项。 27．考查情态动词。wish是先行词,同位语从句的谓语动词应用“should＋动词原形”。might和could通常不与be able to连用；must表示“必须”。 28．此处意为“……直到她允许,爬上树的人才可以下来”,故选A项。1 While watching the Olympics the other night,I came across an incredible sight.The　1　was swimming and started with only three men.For one reason or another,two of them had a　2　start,so they were disqualified.That would have been difficult enough,not having anyone to 　3　against. I watched the man　4　off the blocks and knew immediately that something was wrong.Now I’m not an expert　5　but I do know a good dive　6　a poor one,and this was not exactly medal　7　.I listened to the crowd begin to　8　this poor man who was clearly having a 　9　time.Finally he made his turn to start back.It was　10　.He made a few desperate strokes (划水) and you could tell he was exhausted. But in those few　11　s