民间组织与游民教养 _ 上海游民习勤所研究(1929-1937).pdfVIP

论 文 摘 要 上海游民习勤所是民国时期上海规模最大、最正规的民间游民教养和习艺组 织，由上海地方士绅发起创办，以收容教化游民和乞丐为宗旨，集工厂、学校、 监狱功能为一体。游民习勤所的建立是部分地方士绅借助施善重整社会秩序构想 的现实产物。士绅们相信，加强对社会失范群体游民的救助，可以使他们获得一 技之长、自立于社会，这必然有助于维持社会稳定。在所务正常运转的大约十年 间，游民习勤所收容和教化了大批游民,在一定程度上代替政府实施社会救助功 能，充分发挥了民间组织对政府的辅助作用，同时也对政府的决策产生了重要影 响。本文以游民习勤所为个案，通过分析其成立的社会动因、所务组织机构和对 游民的训育和管理，力图呈现政府、民间组织、社会力量在救助社会弱势群体所 形成的合力。通过对游民习勤所内外社会关系的梳理，文章还初步探讨了民国时 期的上海市民公共性，并进一步分析了市民公共性背后中国精英群体的施善动 机。民国时期，国家对城市控制力逐渐加强，通过对游民习勤所的运作机制的考 察，本文分析了政府与民间组织之间的关系，进而为从微观层面探寻民国时期国 家与社会的关系提供了一个独具特色的视窗。 关键词：民国时期 游民习勤所 民间组织 施善群体 市民公共性 ABSTRACT The You Min Xi Qin Suo(A compulsary work factory for the vagrants)is a non-governmental organization launched by the Shanghai local gentry in the period of the Republic of China. Its aim is to house and reform the homeless and beggars, and it is Shanghais largest, the most formal folk organization, and integrates the functions of factories, schools and prisons. The aim of the local gentry is to restructure social order by means of charity. Through helping the homeless, they can make them skilled and stand on their own in the society. In the decade of its normal operation, the You Min Xi Qin Suo played a full role in support of the Government, accommodated and educated a large number of homeless. To a certain extent, it had functioned as an implementation of social assistance on behalf of the Government, and also had an important impact on the decision-making of the government. Basing on the case, this essay showed the joint force in rescuing vulnerable social groups which formed by the government, non-governmental organizations and the social forces through analyzing the social factors of its set up, the institutional framework and the Discipline and management