论行政主体义务作为行政法学基础性范畴的合理性.pdfVIP

论文摘要 行政主体义务是行政法学中的一个重要范畴，然而目前我国行政法学界对行 政主体义务的研究却较少，对行政主体义务的认识仍主要停留在其作为行政法律 关系内容之要素的层面上，对其在行政法学中应有的基础性范畴地位缺乏充分的 认识和研究。笔者认为，以行政主体义务作为行政法学基础性范畴重构我国行政 法体系具有法理上的合理性。首先，社会主义法律体系的“权利本位”从根本意 义上而言是指人民权利相对于政府权力的本位性；其次，所谓“权力是必须的” 只不过是按照社会契约论的错误逻辑所造成的一种假象，而从根本上而言，政府 应当是人民的仆人，应当是与人民权利对应的义务承担者；最后，学界现有的关 于行政法基本理论的若干观点并没有从“权利本位”的深度上触及行政法的本质， 因而也就不能从根本上改善人民在行政法律关系中的地位，不能充分保护人民之 权利不受行政部门的恣意侵犯和干涉。鉴于此，笔者认为应以行政主体义务作为 行政法学的基础性范畴，在政府与人民的权利、义务关系模式中，将行政主体彻 底置于义务主体的地位，构建新型的人民占主导地位的行政法律关系模式—— “人民权利—行政主体义务”模式。 关键词：行政主体义务 权利本位 社会契约论 行政法基础理论 基础性范畴 V Abstract Abstract AAbbssttrraacctt The obligation of the administrative subject is an important basic category in science of administrative law, but the research on the theme is not sufficient. Scholars ignore its importance and just see it as a marginal legal concept. In author’s opinion, it has great reasonability to reconstruct China’s administrative law on the fundamental category of the obligation of the administrative subject. First, the true meaning of “civilian right standard” is the supreme authority of the civil rights compared to governmental power. Second, the legal maxim of “governmental power is essential” is a wrong conclusion based on the wrong logic of the social contract theory.Any government should not be the owner of power, it should be people’s servant and the bearer of obligation. Third, the current fundamental theories on the administrative law, like balance theory, power-controlling theory, rule of law theory, service theory, and so on, are not revolutionary enough. They haven’t pointed out the essence of the administrative law. In author’s opinion, the essence of the administrative law is to enforce the government performing its obligation whose beneficiary is people. The obligation of the admin