1949-1952年高校教学改革研究 _ 以上海私立大同大学为例.pdfVIP

论 论 论 论文 文 文 文摘 摘 摘 摘要 要 要 要 1949 年 5 月,中共军队进驻上海,宣告了上海的“解放”。紧接着,新政权 便开始对原国民党统治下的企事业单位进行接管。由于人力、物力及财力的限制, 新政权并没有像对待公立高校那样对私立高校实行全盘接收,而是允其继续维持 私立性质。尽管如此,私立高校也避免不了被改造的命运,这一点与公立高校并 无差异。 1949-1952 年这几年的高校改造是建国后至“文革”前中国十七年教育改造 之重要一环,奠定了此后中国高等教育发展的基本方向,并呈现出这一阶段所具 有的历史特点。就教学改革方面而言,主要表现为:第一,在新政权的强力干预 下,以宣传新意识形态、改造学生思想为归旨的思想政治教育课程在各高校普遍 开设,成为高校教学的主要任务,并逐步常规化;第二,伴随着新政治课的开设, 高校人文社会学科开始逐步附和新意识形态或与政治靠拢;第三,自然学科在批 判“纯技术”、“超政治”等思想外,在课程设置方面开始走上功利主义道路,实 用与否成为其衡量的标准。 在教学改革过程中,新政权、校方和师生之间也展开了博弈,各种矛盾交织 其中。但总的趋势是,新政权越来越强势,校方和师生则越来越弱势。最终,前 者选择在高校发动一场政治运动,后者则无条件投降。在这场政治运动中,私立 高校被永久撤销,公立高校一统天下,形成了中国高等教育的基本格局。 关 关 关 关键 键 键 键词 词 词 词:大同大学 行政重组 思想政治教育 课程改革 Abstract In May 1949, the army troops of CCP garrisoned shanghai and declared its “liberation”. Then, the new regime started to take over the enterprise and public institutions under the domination of previous Kuomintang. Because of the restriction of the manpower, physical and financial recourses, the new regime did not completely take over the private universities just as the public universities, and allowed them to maintain private state. However, the private universities can’t change the destiny of being remolded, which was the same as the public universitiesIt was very important that the reform in the universities between 1949 and 1952 established the orientation of the Chinese higher education, and took on its historical character at the same time. In terms of reform in teaching, it was mainly reflected as follows. First, with the strong intervention of the new regime, the ideological and political curricula which aimed at promoting the new ideology and changing students’ thought were set up generally in universities, as the main teaching tasks, and gradually became routinization. Second, with the opening of the new ideological and political curricula, humanities and social sciences began to go along with the new ideology or be closed with the politics. Third, natural sciences not only should critic “purely technical”