木豆, 苜蓿和大豆3 种豆科作物杂种优势利用概论.pdfVIP

中国农业科学 2009,42(5):1528-1539 Scientia Agricultura Sinica doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2009.05.004 木豆、苜蓿和大豆3种豆科作物杂种优势利用概述 1 1 2 1 孙 寰 ，张井勇 ，王玉民 ，赵丽梅 1 2 （吉林省农业科学院大豆研究中心，长春 130033 ； 吉林省农业科学院生物技术研究中心，长春 130033 ） 摘要：豆科作物曾被认为是难于利用杂种优势的物种。木豆、苜蓿和大豆杂交种的问世，为豆科作物利用杂 种优势开辟了道路。本文从应用技术研究层面，较为详细地叙述了这 3 种作物在不育系和杂交种选育，杂交种种 子生产等方面的研究进展。研究表明，豆科作物普遍存在杂种优势，杂交种开发的关键是找到细胞质雄性不育系 和高异交率基因型。数量充足的传粉昆虫和适于制种的环境条件亦非常重要。 关键词：豆科；木豆；苜蓿；大豆；杂交种 A Review of Utilization of Heterosis in Three Legume Crops of Pigeonpea, Alfalfa and Soybean 1 1 2 1 SUN Huan , ZHANG Jing-yong , WANG Yu-min , ZHAO Li-mei 1 2 ( Soybean Research Center, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130033; Biotechnology Research Center, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130033) Abstract: The legume used to be believed a species that its heterosis is difficult to be utilized in crop production. The release of commercial hybrids in pigeonpea, alfalfa and soybean in recent years has paved the way for the exploitation of heterosis in legume crops. The advances in the discovery of male sterility, the development of hybrid cultivars and in the technology improvement of hybrid seed production in these three crops are reviewed in details with the emphasis on the applied technology development. Studies show that heterosis commonly exists in legumes. The keys leading to the use of heterosis are to find cytoplasmic male-sterile system and genotypes with high cross-pollination rate. En