竞技体育业和全球社会不平等外文翻译.docVIP

本科毕业论文外文翻译 外文题目： THE BUSINESS OF SPORTS AND THE MANUFACTURING OF GLOBAL SOCIAL INEQUALITY 出 处：Esporte e Sociedade Business of sports ano 2, n.6, Jul.2007/Out.2007 Manzenreiter 作 者： Prof. Dr. Wolfram Manzenreiter 原 文： THE BUSINESS OF SPORTS AND THE MANUFACTURING OF GLOBAL SOCIAL INEQUALITY Prof. Dr. Wolfram Manzenreiter University of Vienna/Department of East Asian Studies Introducing the “Sport Industrial Complex” Meeting in Paris at its twentieth session in 1978, the General Conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) adopted the International Charter of Physical Education and Sport. Within the preamble, member countries of the UNESCO demanded the guarantee of free access to sport for all human beings, since the unconstrained development of physical power and abilities is not only a cornerstone of the “effective exercise of human rights” but also a significant “contribution to the inculcation of fundamental human values”. In a similar fashion, The European Sports Charter (adopted in 1992) applauded the role sport is playing by “reinforcing the bonds between peoples” and the “contributions which sport can make to personal and social development”. While there is no reason to take issues with the positive functions sport generally may have both for the individual and communities, a closer look at the development of sport in developed and developing countries clearly indicates that the social benefits of sport depend on national wealth and corresponding political action. In this respect I argue that governments as well as non-governmental stakeholders in the administration of sport have largely failed at safeguarding sport against alternative interests, most notably those of an economic kind. Sport has been associated with business for a long time, yet the straightforward equation of sport with profit-making and commercialisation is a rather recen