在治理和升级的全球经济问题的本土企业外文翻译.docVIP

本科毕业论文外文翻译 出 处： Governance in Global Value Chain 作 者： Hubert Schmitz, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham Local Enterprises in the Global Economy Issues of Governance and Upgrading (ed) Hubert Schmitz, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham 392pp ￡65 The central theme, especially relevant to economic geographers, is the significance of global buyers in world markets and how the prospects of local enterprises are structured by their relationship with global value chains. To identify the prospects for upgrading two fourfold typologies are identified, one specifying the nature of relations between local and global firms; arms-length, networks, quasi-hierarchy and hierarchy, and one relating to forms of upgrading; process, product, functional and inter-sectoral, though further distinctions are also drawn in order to accommodate specific complexities. This linking of clusters with the value chain perspective redresses the myopic tendency in the former and the classification of different upgrading possibilities provides a useful way of thinking about the development possibilities of local clusters. There is a particular focus on relations between more and less developed countries but the key link is the role of major global buyers in influencing the possibilities for local economic development. Four key propositions are advanced and then investigated through the case studies, perhaps the most interesting of which is the idea that in quasi-hierarchical chains producers in developing countries are able to engage in product and process upgrading as these benefit the buying firm but make little progress in functional upgrading because conversely this provides no direct advantage to the buyer and in fact could constitute unwelcome autonomy. Support for this proposition comes from the shoe industry in Brazil (Ch.5) and in the production of personal computers in Taiwan (Ch.9). However successful upgrading still requires the local firms to invest in