发展中国家1985-1998年工业制成品出口的技术外文翻译.docVIP

本科毕业论文外文翻译 外文题目：The Technological Structure and Performance of Developing Country Manufactured Exports, 1985–1998 出 处：Oxford Development Studies, Vol. 28, No. 3, 2000 作 者： Lall Sanjaya 原 文： The Technological Structure and Performance of Developing Country Manufactured Exports, 1985–1998 1. Technology and Developing Countries’ Comparative Advantage What is the economic rationale for analyzing the technological structure of developing country exports? That technology plays a significant role in the trade patterns of advanced industrial countries is widely accepted. What needs explaining is why it is important in developing countries. Most conventional trade theory assumes that technological activity plays no role in the comparative advantage of developing countries, and that the main determinants remain relative factor endowments. Developing countries are assumed to be technological followers, importing innovations from developed countries and using them passively. International technology markets are taken to be efficient: firms in developing countries can find, select, buy and transfer the technologies they need without additional cost (apart from the legitimate price of the technology or equipment) or effort. More importantly, once they import the technology, they can use it efficiently, again without extra cost or effort. There is no difference, in other words, between capacity (physical plant, equipment or blueprints) and capability (the ability to use these efficiently). Comparative advantage then depends entirely on factor endowments, and any attempt to change this—apart from providing the conditions for faster accumulation of factors—is by assumption inefficient. Thus, all governments have to do to optimize comparative advantage is “get prices right” so that firms will select the techniques appropriate to their factor prices. Considerable firm-level research under the broad heading of “technological capa