医疗保险在印度卫生保健管理体系中的作用外文翻译.docVIP

本科毕业设计（论文） 外 文 翻 译 原文： The role of insurance in health care management in India The World Health Organization de?nes health as complete physical, mental and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease and injury (Parekh, 2003). Accordingly, a country’s health system comprises all the organizations, institutions and resources devoted to produce health services. Health care has always been a problem area for India, a nation with a large population and a substantial portion living below the poverty line. Consequently, health care access and equity become important issues, and health insurance has not been developed to its immense potential in the world’s ?fth largest economy. An estimated 1.3 billion people worldwide lack access to effective, affordable health care, while more than 150 million people in 44 million households worldwide every year face ?nancial ruin as a direct result of large medical bills. Yet most policymakers have assumed until recently that poor families in developing countries – whose survival is precarious – would not pay health insurance premiums even to forestall the costs of future hospitalization (International Conference on Social Health Insurance in Developing Countries, 2005). Table I suggests that public health care is concentrated in rural areas that lean towards prevention while private units are curative only mainly to discourage malpractice issues. Further, public domain expenditure is met by center, state, localand social insurance. If we analyze the situation in the private domain, the maximum contribution is out-of-pocket, followed by pharmaceutical industry and so on. In India until now, the primary health care system has been managed mainly by limited government health care facilities and other public health care systems in a traditional model of health funding and provision. However, this structure is unable to meet the demand from 200 million plus health insurable Indian people. Moreover, it has become expensive owin