智能小车详细设计方案及说明书.doc

PAGE 摘 要随着汽车工业的迅速发展，关于汽车的研究也就越来越受人们的关注，而汽车的智能化已成为科技发展的新方向。本设计就是在这样的背景下提出来的。此次设计的简易智能小车是基于单片机控制及传感器技术的，实现的功能是小汽车可自动寻迹行驶，并且能够利光电传感器检测道路上的障碍，利用电两个电机的差动调节, 控制电动小汽车的自动避障、寻光及自动停车，同时能够在行驶过程中显示里程、速度、时间等。通过寻迹传感器进行黑线的检测、霍尔传感器进行里程的记录，并由单片机系统来控制智能车的行驶状态。采用PWM技术实现了电动机的多级调速.关键词：单片机 PWM 寻迹传感器 霍尔传感器AbstractWith the development of automobile industry，people pay more attention to the research about cars, and the intelligent electric vehicles are more and more import. The design is put forward in this context .The simple design of smart car is based on the single-chip control and sensor technology, the realization of an automatic tracing traffic, using Two electric motors differential regulation ,Control automatic electric car obstacle avoidance, light search and automatic parking and can process in a moving display features such as mileage records .The use of rear-wheel drive front wheel steering mode of traveling through tracing sensors, such as Hall sensors detect the black lines and mileage records, by the single-chip system to decision-making Smart car driving. Using PWM technology to achieve a multi-stage motor speed .Key words: single-chip control PWM Seeks the mark sensor Hall sensor目 录 TOC \o 1-3 \h \z \u HYPERLINK \l _Toc263769874 1 前 言 PAGEREF _Toc263769874 \h 1 HYPERLINK \l _Toc263769875 1.1智能小车的意义和作用 PAGEREF _Toc263769875 \h 1 HYPERLINK \l _Toc263769876 1.2智能小车的现状 PAGEREF _Toc263769876 \h 1 HYPERLINK \l _Toc263769877 2方案设计与论证 PAGEREF _Toc263769877 \h 2 HYPERLINK \l _Toc263769878 2.1 模块方案比较及论证 PAGEREF _Toc263769878 \h 2 HYPERLINK \l _Toc263769879 2.2 车体设计 PAGEREF _Toc263769879 \h 3 HYPERLINK \l _Toc263769880 2.3 电源及稳压模块 PAGEREF _Toc263769880 \h 3 HYPERLINK \l _Toc263769881 2.4 主控模块 PAGEREF _Toc263769881 \h 4 HYPERLINK \l _Toc263769882 2.5探测及寻迹模块 PAGEREF _Toc263769882 \h 5 HYPERLINK \l _Toc263769883 2.6 电机选择及驱动模块 PAGEREF _Toc263769883 \h 7 HYPERLINK \l _Toc263769884 2.7 直流调速设计 PAGEREF _Toc263769884 \h 8 HYPERLINK \l _Toc263769885 2.8 遥控方案设计