国际信息和通信技术时代的税收筹划外文翻译.docVIP

外文翻译 International Tax Planning in the Age of ICT Material Source：Financial Management Author：Anne Schafer and Christophe Spengel 1. Definition of International Tax Planning Since the tax expenses of a company generally reduce the profits，it is in a company’s interest to minimize the tax due in order to maximize its after-tax profits．Otherwise, an unnecessarily increased tax burden represents a business waste which may make the company uncompetitive． However, the minimization of the total tax burden has no end in itself and is generally subordinated to the main objectives of a company which serve to optimize the overall economic position, such as profit maximization, the continuity of a company’s operations or the expansion of the business activities. Thus, tax planning has its limits when it comes into conflict with other higher-ranking entrepreneurial objectives. It has to be noticed　that a precondition for tax planning is the disposability of the underlying economic　circumstances, i.e. that they can be arranged in a way that tax expenditures are legally minimised. The basis for tax planning on the international level is the existing differences in the tax systems of several countries and the ways in which the tax systems are linked. In case a company is doing business internationally, these differences can be exploited in order to reach the company’s fiscal objectives. Besides, especially in case of an internationally operating company, the costs related to the taxation shall be minimised, such as costs of information or compliance costs. In addition to these quantitative objectives of international tax planning, a company has also qualitative objectives. Here, it has to be borne in mind that international tax planning does not only consider the chances related to certain transactions or investments, but also the respective risks have to be taken into account. Possible examples of qualitative aims are the temporary flexibility regarding the deferral and cancella