产业集群与知识集群外文翻译.docVIP

外文翻译 原文 Industry and Knowledge Clusters Material Source:CNKI Author: Karl Eric Sveiby Some local communities are in better shape nowadays–economically and socially–than for generations. This unprecedented economic development has not been inspired by governments, but is the result of organic growth. The clustering process is fed and catalyzed by community-rooted entrepreneurial heroes and probusiness academics too. They are the “food molecules” without which the “cluster reaction,” which gives shape to a collectively autocatalytic system, would only take place with great difficulty. Willingness and capability of the key players to generate new relations in the system determine the pace of growth of the cluster. An industry cluster–as a self-sustaining, self-reinforcing group of businesses has been termed–generally centers around a core of highly specialized enterprises in the same industry enriched by close links with supporting firms that produce what the former need. Core businesses are privately owned and are often family-run businesses and family-controlled groups, few of which are listed on the stock market. Industry clusters are governed by the rule of the authority and delegation under the jurisdiction of the industrial leader(s).The idea is that companies should concentrate on a few processes while buying in the rest from third-party suppliers under long-term service agreements. This is the fact that features most prominently in the industry cluster economy. Industry clusters can be circumscribed using any combination of a broad spectrum of criteria. An industrial cluster can take different but also overlapping forms. Both faculty researchers and practitioners have provided several definitions. For instance, close geographical proximity of interconnected industries such as businesses that share similar workforce, input, or infrastructural needs gives rise to a regional cluster. Industrial districts are local clusters where spatial con