位置控制系统外文文献原文及翻译.docVIP

The Position – Control System The regulator, whose object is to maintain the value of some physical quantity at a fixed level in spite of disturbances, is an important example of a closed – loop system. Equally important and more challenging in engineering design is the servo –mechanism whose object is to follow input commands. An example of such a device is the position – control servo –mechanism which must reproduce at some remote point the motion applied to a hand wheel located at a local command station. The output motion might be used to drive a heavy object (such as a missile launcher) into a required position; power amplification of the command and accurate reproduction are thus necessary. The signals can be transmitted by direct mechanical linkage or by hydraulic, pneumatic, or electric conduit. Apart from mechanical linkage the most rapid transmission may be achieved with electrical connection and this is often but not always used. Where it is used, the mechanical input and output signals are first converted into proportional electrical signals and then transmitted through wires to a subtracting device which produces a signal proportional to the error. The low – power error signal is used to drive an amplifier which also receives power from an external source and delivers controlled power to the motor. The combination of transducers and subtracting element form the error detector, the amplifier is the controller and the motor together with its gear box form the output element. The amplifier may be purely electrical if the motor is electrical but must be either electro-hydraulic or electro-pneumatic if the motor is either hydraulic or pneumatic. It is emphasized that the object of the system is to make the Rota table mass copy as nearly as possible the motion of the handweel. Let us consider what will happen if the position of the hand wheel is turned very rapidly through an angle, the mass being initially at rest. Initially the mass has no velocity and the