人体胚胎发育《组织学及胚胎学》7年制课件.pptVIP

人体胚胎学 How did I come into this world??? Embryology is studying the embryo and its development from a fertilized ovum to the establishment of form and shape Where the people come from? （F） Where I come from?(T) 胚前期 Pre-embryonic period Fertilization～2nd week 2. 胚期 Embryonic period 2nd week～8th week 3. 胎期 Fetal period 9th week～birth 21st General Embryology 一、Germ cell and Fertilization （一）精子的发生、成熟和获能（Capacitation） （二）卵子的发生和排卵 （三）Fertilization The significances of fertilization 1.新个体的开端 刺激次级卵母细胞完成第二次减数分裂；并使卵细胞由代谢缓慢到代谢旺盛，启动细胞不断分裂分化 2.恢复了46条染色体;新个体具有不同于亲代的新性状 3.决定了胚胎的遗传性别 （46，XX）； （46，XY） The conditions of fertilization 1. 精子和卵子及时相遇 2. 精子的数目和活力 3. 生殖管道的通畅 Artificial fertilization and Test tube baby 1.体内人工受精： 2.体外人工受精（Fertilization In Vitro，IVF） Therapeutic Cloning 治疗性克隆是发育生物学界提出的最新概念，旨在利用科学前沿的克隆技术和干细胞培养技术，来解决器官移植的两个根本性问题，即免疫排斥和供体来源不足。 （一） Cleavage and the formation of blastocyst (1st week） 三、三胚层的发生和分化（一）二胚层胚盘及相关结构的发生 Learning objectives 1. Understand the definition, place, time，process, conditions and the significances of fertilization. 2. Know the meaning of the cleavage, morula and the blastocyst. Understand the structure of blastocyst. 3. Understand the definition, time, place, process, and conditions of implantation, and the ectopic implantations. 7. Understand the formation of bilaminar germ disc. Summary 1. Embryology is studying the embryo and its development from a fertilized ovum to the establishment of form and shape. 2. Embryo early development terms is development process of 8 weeks after fertilization. It includes cleavage, blastogenesis, implantation, formation and differentiation of germ layers, formation of organ primordia, establishment in external form of embryo during this period. 3. The fetal period begins 9 weeks after fertilization and ends at birth. 人胚早期发生 Summary 1. Embryology is studying the embryo and its development from a fertilized ovum to the establishm