路由与交换技术_中英文资料翻译.doc

附录一：英文技术资料翻译 英文原文 ROUTING AND SWITCHING 1. LOCAL AREA NETWORKS(LANS) Organizations often need networks to connect geographically close resources, such as PCs located in the same college classroom or business office. Such networks are known as local area networks or LANs. Most LANs are of the client-server or peer-to-peer variety. The most widespread topology for LANs designed to function as data communication for the interconnection of local computer-based equipment is star topology, in which the major equipment used to connect a variety of computer-based devices are hubs or switches. Typical LAN product of using the star topology is the most famous Ethernet which dominates the LAN world today. Ethernet IEEE802.3 supports a LAN standard originally developed by Xerox and later extended by a joint venture between Digital Equipment Corporation, Intel Corporation, Intel Corporation, and Xerox. This was called Ethernet. 2. Switch Switches are basically multi-port bridges, but share some characteristics with routers. Like routers, switches work by dividing up the network into a number of segments. Switching is performed at layer 2 of the sever-layer model-the same as bridging. Since it performed at layer 2, the MAC address is used, which is independent of protocol address. Like a bridge, a switch learns which address reside on each of its ports and then switches data appropriately. A switch can be designed using conventional microprocessors or dedicated ASIC (Application-Specific Integrated Circuit) technology. 3. Router Routers have been known by several names. Back in ancient times when what is now Internet was called APPANET, routers were called IMPs, for internet message processors. More recently, router called gateways, remnants of this nomenclature still be found in terms such as Border Gateway Protocol(BGP) and Interior Gateway Routing Protocol(IGRP). In the Open System Interconnection (OSI) world, routers are known as Intermediate System (IS). Router, as a name,