在空气中超声测距--外文文献加中文翻译.docVIP

附录A 英文原文 ULTASONIC RANGING IN AIR G. E. Rudashevski and A. A. Gorbatov UDC 534,321.9:531.71.083.7 One of the most important problems in instrumentation technology is the remote,contactless measurement of distances in the order of 0.2 to 10 m in air.Such a problem occurs,for instance,when measuring the relativethre edimensional position of separate machine members or structural units.Interesting possibilities for its solution are opened up by utilizing ultrasonic vibrations as an information carrier.The physical properties of air,in which the measurements are made,permit vibrations to be employed at frequencies up to 500 kHz for distances up to 0.5 m between a member and the transducer,or up to 60 kHz when ranging on obstacles located at distances up to 10 m. The problem of measuring distances in air is somewhat different from other problems in the a -pplication of ultrasound.Although the possibility of using acoustic ranging for this purpose has been known for a long time,and at first glance appears very simple,nevertheless at the present time there are only a small number of developments using this method that are suitable for practical purposes.The main difficulty here is in providing a reliable acoustic three-dimensional contact with the test object during severe changes in the airs characteristic. Practically all acoustic arrangements presently known for checking distances use a method of measuring the propagation time for certain information samples from the radiator to the reflecting member and back. The unmodulated acoustic(ultrasonic)vibrations radiated by a transducer are not in themselves a source of information.In order to transmit some informational communication that can then be selected at the receiving end after reflection from the test member,the radiated vibrations must be modulated.In this case the ultrasonic vibrations are the carrier of the information which lies in the modulation signal,i.e