自身免疫-研究生.pptVIP

You should know: Possible mechanisms of tolerance induction to self. Possible etiology and mechanisms of autoimmune diseases. Mutations that interfere with the apoptotic death of mature lymphocytes may result in autoimmune diseases Defective T cell-mediated suppression may contribute to autoimmunity Other mechanisms of autoimmunity Part III Clinical aspects of autoimmune diseases Representative autoimmune diseases Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, IDDM Systemic lupus erythematosus, SLE Rheumatoid arthritis, RA Multiple sclerosis, MS Ankylosing spondylitis, AS 关节软骨 滑液与 滑膜腔 滑膜 滑膜增厚 骨质损伤 炎性滑液 关节软骨 受损变薄 (a) 健康关节 (b) 类风湿性关节炎 * 考试时间：12月2日 1：30-3：30 地点：第28教室 通知 Self tolerance and  Autoimmunity Part I Celluar and genetic mechanisms of self tolerance and autoimmunity GOAL OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM Separate self from non-self Stay in harmony with self antigens and tissues of the host V(D)J recombination assembles unique BCR and TCR genes from three separate gene segments, the variable (V), diversity (D) and joining (J) genes, during B- and T-cell differentiation. Somatic hypermutation substitutes single nucleotides of BCR genes during a late phase of the immune response in peripheral lymphoid tissues (such as the spleen, lymph nodes and tonsils). Between 20 and 50% of TCRs and BCRs generated by V(D)J recombination bind with a potentially dangerous affinity to a self antigen. Only 3?8% of the population develops an autoimmune disease. Tolerance: the failure to mount an immune response to self antigens (endogenous antigens) -Note: failure =/= passivity; tolerance is active Immunologically specific (e.g., specific epitopes) Learned or acquired (e.g., active process) Immature or developing lymphocytes more susceptible to tolerance induction than mature lymphocytes Inadequate stimulation of mature cells can lead to tolerance Primarily a function of T cells; however B cells can be tolerized T cell tolerance: long lived, requires less Ag st