利用根际细菌防治大豆胞囊线虫病研究.docVIP

利用细菌防治大豆根腐病菌及胞囊线虫病研究 段玉玺 陈立杰 王媛媛 孙华 李进荣 （沈阳农业大学 北方线虫研究所 沈阳 110161） 摘要：细菌是大豆根际微生物多样性中的重要成员,利用有益细菌菌株作为生防因子是解决土传微生物病害的重要途径。本文对部分细菌菌株对大豆根腐病菌及大豆胞囊线虫的抑制效果进行了研究。结果表明，部分菌株对大豆根腐病原菌-瓜果腐霉菌（Pythium aphanidermatum）抑制效果明显，但对尖孢镰刀菌（Fusarium oxysporum）抑制效果不明显；获得了7株对大豆胞囊线虫胞囊孵化具有抑制效果的菌株。在田间筛选过程中从1069株细菌中筛选获得14株菌株，这些菌株包衣处理大豆种子表现对大豆胞囊线虫胞囊的形成有抑制作用。这些菌株有可能成为非常有应用前景的生防菌株。 关键词：细菌；大豆胞囊线虫；大豆根腐病 Bio-Effect of Different Bacterial Strains on Soybean Root Rot Pathogens and Heterodera glycines Duan Yu-xi Chen Li-jie Wang Yuan-yuan Sun Hua Li Jin-rong Nematology Institute of Northern China, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110161,Cina Abstract: The bacteria was the important member among the microorganism biodiversity. It was the best ways to use the bacteria as the bio-agent to control the soilborn pathgens. The biocontrol effects of different bacteria on the soybean root rot pathogen (Pythium aphanidermatum and Fusarium oxysporum ) and Heterodera glycines were tested in this paper. The results showed that some strains had effect on the Pythium aphanidermatum, but no effect on Fusarium oxysporum. Seven bacterial strains were obtained which could suppress the hatch of H. glycines. The 14 bacterial strains were selected from 1069 bacterial strains by field selective assay which could disturb the cyst formation on the surface of soybean root. The bacterial strains which had effect on the fungal pathogen and nematode would be become the bio-control agents on the soybean root rot pathogen and soybean cyst nematode in the future. Key word: bacteria; Heterodera glycines; soybean root rot 大豆胞囊线虫病（soybean cyst nematode, SCN），又称大豆黄萎病、火龙秧子，长期以来是制约大豆生产的重要病害。该病害一般使大豆减产10%～30%，严重地块可达70%～90%，甚至造成绝产，比任何一种单一病害所造成的危害都大。此病害在我国东北三省、内蒙古和黄淮海大豆主产区严重发生，是一种极难防治的土传病害。从世界范围来看，SCN的为害和蔓延有日益加重的趋势。 大豆根腐病是一种世界性病害，分布范围广，在世界各大豆产区均有发生，我国主要分布在东北和黄淮海大豆主要产区。大豆根腐病造成严重的产量损失，仅在黑龙江垦区发病率达到75％—90％，减产10％-20％左右。而且大豆根腐病的病原菌种类包括以镰刀菌为主的多种病原菌，这个特点使这种病害的防治显得尤为困难。 大豆根部的这两种主要病害都是是典型的土传病害，土壤条件的复杂性使得各种防治措施均有其局限性，不能很有效的控制该病的发生。目前在我国的各大豆