区域生态学基本理论探索.pdfVIP

中国环境科学 2013,33(7) ：1252~1262 China Environmental Science 区域生态学基本理论探索 * 高吉喜 (环境保护部南京环境科学研究所,江苏 南京 210042) 摘要：全球经济一体化、区域发展一体化, 以及生态服务转移引发的区域生态问题越来越受到人们的关注,区域生态问题也直接影响到区 域的可持续发展.因此,构建一门针对区域生态问题的系统学科成为当务之急.本文基于生态学、地理学、经济学及其它相关学科理论,尝试 从学科发展角度探讨建立区域生态学学科理论框架.文章提出区域生态学是研究区域生态结构、过程、功能, 以及区域间生态要素耦合和 相互作用机理的学科,生态介质是区域生态的联系纽带和核心要素.根据生态系统构成要素和当前人类活动,影响区域的突出生态介质有 水、风和资源,通过这 3 种介质,分别形成流域、风域和资源圈 3 大类型生态区域.区域生态学的主要研究范畴和要点有：区域生态结构、 过程与功能、区域生态完整性和生态分异规律、区域生态演变规律及其驱动力、区域生态承载力和生态适宜性、区域生态联系和生态资 产流转, 以及区域生态补偿和环境利益共享机制. 关键词：区域生态学；学科理论；研究范畴；学科特点 中图分类号：X171 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-6923(2013)07-1252-11 * The basic theoretical exploration of regional ecology. GAO Ji-xi (Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing 210042, China). China Environmental Science, 2013,33(7)：1252~1262 Abstract ：The regional ecological issues, which are triggered by the global economic integration, regional development integration and ecological service transfer，have been attracting more and more people’s attention, and have a direct impact on regional sustainable development. Developing a systematic subject on handling regional ecological issues becomes urgent. In this paper, we try to set up the theoretical framework of regional ecology in aspect of subject development based on ecology, geology, economy and other relevant subjects. Ecology is the subject which studies regional ecological structure, process, function as well as the integration and interaction mechanism of regional ecological elements; ecological medium is the link and key element between the ecological regions. According to the components of the ecosystems and current