燃煤电厂铅的迁移转化研究.pdfVIP

中国环境科学 2013,33(7) ：1199~1206 China Environmental Science 燃煤电厂铅的迁移转化研究 邓 双 1,2*,张 凡 1,刘 宇 1,石应杰 1,王红梅 1,张 辰 1,王相凤 1,曹 晴 1 (1. 中国环境科学研究院,北京 100012；2. 中国环境科学研究院,环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室,北京 100012) 摘要：采集我国 6 台有代表性电站锅炉的烟气以及燃煤、飞灰、底渣、脱硫石膏等样品,通过测试燃煤和燃煤副产物中铅含量以及烟气中铅 的形态分布,考察了燃煤电厂铅的迁移转化规律及烟气常规污染物控制技术对大气铅排放的影响.结果表明,煤粉炉燃煤过程中,煤中铅释放强 度高,平均释放率为 97.11%;循环流化床锅炉铅的释放率相对较低,约为 84.99%.锅炉出口烟气中铅主要为颗粒态铅(Pbp), 比例高达 86%~92%,并 且与燃煤中氯含量具有正相关性.烟气污染物控制装置对大气铅具有协同脱除效果,尤其是除尘装置.静电除尘对铅的平均脱除效率为 91.85%, 布袋除尘为 95.12%.石灰石-石膏湿法脱硫装置可脱除 35.67%~77.81%铅,脱除效率主要与脱硫塔操作条件有关.燃煤中的铅经过燃烧和烟气污 染物控制装置后,81.97%~90.18%转移到飞灰中,具有高富集性;脱硫石膏中的铅占 3.94%~11.82%;只有 1.75%~5.40%通过烟囱排入大气. 关键词：燃煤电厂；铅排放；烟气污染物控制装置 中图分类号：X701 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-6923(2013)07-1199-08 1,2* 1 1 Lead emission and speciation of coal-fired power plants in China. DENG Shuang , ZHANG Fan , LIU Yu , SHI 1 1 1 1 1 Ying-jie , WANG Hong-mei , ZHANG Chen , WANG Xiang-feng , CAO Qing (1.Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China ；2.State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijng 100012, China). China Environmental Science, 2013,33(7) ：1199~1206 Abstract ：A full-scale field study of lead (Pb) emission from coal combustion was conducted at six coal-fired power plants in China. Flue gas samples were taken from the inlets and outlets of the existing air pollutant control devices (APCDs) to investigate their effects on speciation and distribution of Pb in the flue gas. Concurrent with flue gas sampling, coal, bottom ash, fly ash and samples from the FGD process (d