平顶山烟区气候因素分析及对化学成分的影响.docVIP

平顶山烟区气候因素分析及对化学成分的影响 王冰莹 摘 要：分析了平顶山烟区气候因素的特点，并与国外优质烟区在大田期均温和大田期降雨量进行了对比，结果表明：平顶山烟区在烟叶生长季节大田期均温24℃，整个大田期日均温≥20℃持续时间长，≥10℃活动积温大于3500℃·d，大田期均温变化与美国烟区最接近，大田期降雨量变化与巴西烟区最接近。在一定范围内，成熟期昼夜温差的减小，伸根期降雨量的增多有利于烟叶中总糖和还原糖含量的提高，而不利于烟碱和总氮含量的提高。成熟期昼夜温差的增大日照时数的减少有利于钾氯比的提高。 关键词：平顶山烟区；气候因素；化学成分 中图分类号： 文献标示码： 文章编号： Analysis of Climate Factors and Theirs Influence on Chemical Components of Flue-cured Tobacco at Tobacco growing Area of Ping Dingshan Abstract: The features of Ping Dingshan climate factors were analyzed, and average temperature and precipitation of whole growth stage were compared with foreign tobacco production area. The results indicated that average temperature of whole growth stage was 24℃, with a long periods of time of daily average temperature of ≥20℃, more than 3500℃ for accumulated temperature of ≥10℃, the average temperature change of whole growth stage was closest to American, and precipitation change was closest to Brazil. With the decrease of day-and-night temperature difference during ripening stage, and increase of precipitation during root spreading stage, it could be advantage for the development of total sugar and reducing sugar, but adverse to the development of nicotine and total nitrogen. With the increase of day-and-night temperature difference during ripening stage and decrease of hours of sunshine during ripening stage, it could be advantage for the increase of potassium and chlorine ratio. Keywords: PingDingshan tobacco-growing area; climate factor; chemical component 气象因子是影响烤烟内在化学品质形成的重要因素之一，烤烟对环境相当敏感，气象条件的变化对烟叶产量、质量均有较大影响[1],大量的科学研究和生产实践[2-6]表明，尽管品种和栽培调制技术均是影响烟叶质量形成的重要因素，但生态因素却是烟叶品质特点和风格区 域特色形成的基础条件，其中气候因素是造就优质烟叶特点的主要生态学外因[4-5]。平顶山 市位于河南省中南部，西依伏牛山脉，东接黄淮平原地理坐标：北纬33°08′～34°20′，东经112°14′～113°45′之间，总面积7882平方公里。本文通过对平顶山烟区气候因素及大田气候条件对烟叶化学成分的影响进行分析，以期为该地区烟叶优质适产和种植区划提供理论依据。 材料与方法 1.1样品采集与数据 1.1.1 烟样采集 按照取样代表性原则，采用GPS定位技术，选取郏县、叶县、鲁山、汝州和宝丰5个植烟县2009年的主栽品种（中烟100，K326，NC89）47份，等级为C3F。样品等级由专职评级人员按照“GB2635-92烤烟标准”进行，等级合格率达到85%以上