1-2网络的功能和网络拓扑结构.pptVIP

Building a Simple Network Exploring the Functions of Networking What Is a Network? Common Physical Components of a Network Interpreting a Network Diagram Resource-Sharing Functions and Benefits Data and applications Resources Network storage Backup devices Network User Applications E-mail (Outlook, POP3, Yahoo, and so on) Web browser (IE, Firefox, and so on) Instant messaging (Yahoo IM, Microsoft Messenger, and so on) Collaboration (Whiteboard, Netmeeting, WebEx, and so on) Databases (file servers) Impact of User Applications on the Network Batch applications FTP, TFTP, inventory updates No direct human interaction Bandwidth important, but not critical Interactive applications Inventory inquiries, database updates. Human-to-machine interaction. Because a human is waiting for a response, response time is important but not critical, unless the wait becomes excessive. Real-time applications VoIP, video Human-to-human interaction End-to-end latency critical Characteristics of a Network Speed Cost Security Availability Scalability Reliability Topology Physical Topology Categories Logical Topologies Bus Topology All devices receive the signal. Star Topology Transmission through a central point. Single point of failure. Extended-Star Topology More resilient than star topology. Ring Topology Signals travel around ring. Single point of failure. Dual-Ring Topology Signals travel in opposite directions. More resilient than single ring. Full-Mesh Topology Highly fault-tolerant Expensive to implement Partial-Mesh Topology Trade-off between fault tolerance and cost Connection to the Internet Summary A network is a connected collection of devices that can communicate with each other. Networks carry data in many kinds of environments, including homes, small businesses, and large enterprises. There are four major categories of physical components in a computer network: the computer, interconnections, switches, and routers. Networks are depicted graphically using a set of stan