文献翻译-发动机工作原理概述.docVIP

附录A 外文文献 Engine operating principls Most automobile dngines are internal combustion, reciprocating4-stroke gasoline engines, but other types have been used, including the diesel, the rotary (wankel),the 2-stroke ,and stratifild charge. Recipprocating means up and down or banck and forth, it is the up an down action of a piston in the cylinder blick ,or engine block . the blick is an iron or aluminum casting that contains engine cylinders and passage called water jackets for coolant circulation .the top of the block is covered with the cylinder head. Which forms the combustion chanber. The bottom of the block is covered with an oil pan or oil sump. Power is produced by the linear motion of a piston in a cylinder.however, this linear motion must be changed into rotary motion to turn the wheels of cars of trucks. The pistion is attached to the top of a connecting rod by a pin, called a pistion pin or wrist pin the bottom of the connecting rod is attached to the crankshaft . the connecting rod transmits the up-and-down motion of the piston to the crankshaft , which changes it into rotarymotion. The connecting rod is mounted on the crankshaft with large beaings called rod bearings. Similar bearings, called main bearings, are used to mount the crankshaft in the block .shown in fig ,1-1. The diameter of the cylinder is called the engine bore. Displacement and compression ratio are two frequently used engine specifications. Displacement indicates engine size , and compression ratio compares the total cylinder volume to compression chamber volume. The term stroke is uesd to describe the movement of the iston within the cylinder, as well as the distance of pistion travel. Depending on the type of engine the operating cycle may require either two or four strokes to complete. The 4-strokes engine is also called otto cycle engine ,in honor of the german enginner , Dr. Nikolaus otto , who first applied the principle in 1876 . In the 4-stroke engine ,four strokes of the piston in