水稻稻瘟病抗性基因的定位_克隆及育种应用研究进展_何秀英.docVIP

中国农学通报  2014,30(6):1-12 Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 水稻稻瘟病抗性基因的定位、克隆及育种应用研究进展 何秀英 1，王 玲 2，吴伟怀 3，陈钊明 1，林 菲 2，程永盛 1，刘 维 1，陈粤汉 1，廖耀平 1 （1广东省农业科学院水稻研究所，广州 510640；2华南农业大学资源环境学院，广州 510642； 3 中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所，海口 571101）  摘 要：稻瘟病是一种世界性的水稻病害，抗病品种的培育和种植是控制该病害最为经济有效的方法，而 抗病基因的发掘与利用则是抗病育种的基础和核心。本研究就稻瘟病抗病基因的遗传、定位、克隆及育 种应用情况进行了概述，介绍了稻瘟病广谱抗原和抗病基因、隐性抗病基因研究的最新进展，指出近一 半的抗病基因是通过 F2分离群体鉴定的，目前已定位的稻瘟病主效抗病基因超过 86 个，微效基因约 350 个，应用图位克隆等方法，20 个稻瘟病主效抗病基因和 2 个微效基因已从不同的水稻品种中被克隆。这 些基因的定位和克隆是有效开展稻瘟病抗性分子育种的基础。最后，结合笔者从事水稻稻瘟病抗性遗 传的工作实践对稻瘟病抗病基因研究存在的问题进行了分析和展望，相信随着越来越多各类型抗性基 因的生产应用，稻瘟病对水稻的危害最终能得到有效的控制。 关键词：稻瘟病；抗病基因；定位与克隆；育种应用 中图分类号：S332.2 文献标志码：A 论文编号：2013-1123  The Progress of Mapping, Isolation of the Genes Resisting to Blast and Their Breeding Application in Rice 1 (1Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640; 2 3 Abstract: Rice blast disease was one of the most destructive diseases in rice growing region worldwide. The use of resistance cultivars was considered as the most economic and effective method for blast control. Identification and utilization of resistance genes were recognized the basis and key factors for breeding resistance cultivars. In this paper, genetics, mapping, cloning and breeding application of the genes resisting to blast were summarized, and the newest progress of broad spectrum resistance genes and recessive resistance genes were introduced. Nearly half of the resistance genes had been identified in F2 populations. Currently, over 85 dominant resistance genes and 350 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) had been identified in a variety of rice resources. Twenty dominant resistance genes and two QTLs had been cloned and characterized by a map-based cloning approach. The mapping and cloning of such resistance genes were the basis for a marker-aided-selection strategy applied in rice blast resistance breeding programs. Finally, with the work practice of rice blast resistance genetics, the problems of rice blast resista