张君劢政治思想研究——以拉斯基《政治典范》的翻译为核心论文.doc

中南民族大学硕士学位论文 摘 要 张君劢是中国现代著名的政治活动家和思想家，一直徘徊于政治 与学问之间。他先后翻译了密尔、拉斯基等人的著作，介绍了倭伊铿、 柏格森和汤因比等人的思想，还创立了国家社会党，参与组建了民盟 和多次宪法的起草工作，在国家危难之际积极探求民族建国方案。 张君劢经常称自己的政治思想是英国的。研究发现，拉斯基的政 治学说对张君劢影响很大。其著作《政治典范》也是张君劢系统翻译 的惟一一本著作。张君劢总结拉斯基学说的宗旨是国家、社会团体和 个人之间相剂于平，而在 30 年代的“民主与独裁”的大讨论中，他 提出修正的民主政治，便是要求在个人自由与国家权力之间求得一种 平衡。可见，拉斯基对张君劢的思想有一定的影响。 因此，本文以《政治典范》为核心，在阐释拉斯基政治思想的基 础上，着重分析张君劢与拉斯基政治思想的关联性。从主权论、权利 论与社会制度改革三个方面重点介绍《政治典范》的主要内容和张君 劢对拉斯基思想的吸收和背离。并进而从张君劢思想的复杂性和中国 特殊的历史情势两方面分析背离的原因，以此来理解近代中国学人的 “责任伦理”。 关键词：张君劢；拉斯基；主权论；权利论；社会制度改革 I 张君劢政治思想研究——以拉斯基《政治典范》的翻译为核心 Abstract Zhang Junmai, who wandered between the politics and the scholarship was a modern Chinese famous activist and thinker. He had translated John Stuart Mill’s and Laski’s book, introdused Rudolph Euken’s, Henri Bergson’s, and Arnold Joseph Toynbee’s thought, founded National Socialist Party, joined the founding of the NLD, and drafted the constitution. He researched the way of founding a Nation-state in a dangerous period. Zhang Junmai had claimed that he had the English polict thought. By studying,  he was influenced by Laski’s polict thought deeply.  Laski’s “Political Model” was  the only one book, which was translated systemly by Zhang Junmai. In Zhang’s opinion, Laski’s purpose is the average of the nation, social group, and the personal. In the last century 30’s argument betweet “Democracy and Dictatorship”, he advocated the average of the personal democracy and the nation’s power. So, Laski’s polict thought really influenced Zhang Junmai. This article’s core is the study of the contact between Laski’s and Zhang Junmai’s thought by the study of “Political Model”, on the basis of the elucidating of Laski’s politic thought. I will introduce “Political Model” by the “Study of the power”, “Study of the right” and “Study of the social system’s reform”, research Zhang’s absorption and departure from Laski’s thought, and know the reason through the conplexity of Zhang’s thought and the Chinese history. By this study, we can learn mu