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Chapter 6 Differential and Multistage Amplifiers Introduction The differential amplifier (pair) configuration is the most widely used building block in analog IC design. BJT differential amplifier is the basis of a very-high-speed logic circuit family, called emitter-coupled logic (ECL). Reasons: Advantages There are 2 reasons for using differential in preference to single-ended amplifiers. (1) Differential circuits are much less sensitive to noise and interference than single-ended circuits. (2) It enables us to bias the amplifier and to couple amplifier stage without the need of bypass and coupling capacitors which are impossible to fabricate economically by IC technology. 6.1 The BJT Differential PairBasic Operation-1:Common-mode input Basic Operation-2 Basic Operation-3 Basic Operation-4:Difference-mode or Difference signals Large-Signal Operation Large-Signal Operation Nonlinear curves. Linear segments. Maximum value of input differential voltages as a small-signal amplifier can be used as a fast current switch Enlarge the linear segment by including equal resistance Re in series with the emitters. Large-Signal Operation 6.2 Small-signal operation of the BJT differential amplifier Differential Half-Circuit Analysis Differential Half-Circuit Analysis Differential Half-Circuit Analysis Common-Mode Gain Common-Mode Gain Common-Mode Gain Common-mode voltage gain Output voltage taken single-ended Output voltage taken differentially Common-Mode Rejection Ratio Common-mode rejection ratio Output voltage taken single-ended Output voltage taken differentially This is true only when the circuit is symmetric. Mismatch on CMRR Input Common-Mode Resistance Input Common-Mode Resistance Input common-mode resistance Input common-mode resistance is very large. Example 6.1 Example6.1 (cont’d) Evaluate the following: T