脲醛树脂与纳米二氧化硅复合改善木材性能的研究.docxVIP

脲醛树脂与纳米二氧化硅复合改善木材性能的研究 2010-09-10 13:45:28| 分类： /blog/板材增强工艺 | 标签： |字号大中小 订阅 时尽书　李建章　周文瑞　张德荣(北京林业大学材料科学与技术学院)摘要:为提高三倍体毛白杨木材的多项性能,该研究以脲醛(UF)树脂和纳米SiO2为主要改性剂,并使用偶联剂和阻燃剂,制成5种木材处理剂,利用减压—加压的方法浸渍处理杨木,并通过加热使处理剂在木材中固化,制成UF--SiO2--Wood复合材料.以尺寸稳定性、阻燃性、抗吸水性和硬度作为主要指标对复合材料的性能进行评价,考察了处理剂对杨木性能的影响.结果表明,此5种处理剂均能提高木材的抗吸水性、阻燃性,并显著提高了木材的硬度,纳米SiO2的添加对木材硬度的提高有显著作用;除UF--C--SiO2共缩聚物外,其他4种处理剂均不同程度地提高了木材的尺寸稳定性.UF与纳米SiO2复合处理杨木可以提高杨木的综合性能.关键词:木材改性,脲醛树脂,纳米SiO2,三倍体毛白杨中图分类号:S781·43　文献标识码:A　文章编号:1000--1522(2006)02--0123—06SHI Jin-shu;LI Jian-zhang;ZHOU Wen-rui;ZHANG De-rong.Improvement of wood properties by urea-formaldehyde resin and nano-SiO2.Journal of Beijing Forestry University(2006)28(2) 123--128 [Ch, 35ref.] College of Material Science and Technology,Beijing ForestryUniversity,100083,P.R.China.In order to improve properties of triploid clones ofPopulus tomentosa, urea-formaldehyde (UF) resinwas compoundedwith nano-SiO2, coupling agents and flame retardants in different ways to prepare five kinds of modifiers. The poplarwood sampleswere impregnated with the modifiers and heated to prepare UF-SiO2-wood composites. The antiswelling efficiency, oxygen index, and hardness ofthe compositeswere measured. Results showed that all of the modifiers reducedwater absorption of poplarwood and enhanced its flame resistance and hardness. Nano-SiO2showed a marked effect in improving the hardness of wood. In addition, all of the modifiers exceptUF-C-SiO2-polymer could improve the dimensional stability of poplarwood. The compound of UF resin and nano-SiO2could improve general properties of poplarwood.Key words　wood modification,UF resin,nano-SiO2,triploid clones ofPopulus tomentosa实现木材(尤其是低劣质木材)的高性能化、充分利用低劣质木材、提高木材资源的利用率已经成为许多国家的共识[1].杨树是我国重要的速生树种之一.为充分利用杨木资源,缓解木材的供需矛盾,迫切需要开展杨树木材高性能化的研究.应用木材改良技术正是解决此问题的有效途径之一[2].木材改性一直受到世界各国研究者的重视.Saka等人[3--8]利用溶胶--凝胶法制备了无机木质复合材料,提高了木材的尺寸稳定性和阻燃性.Takeshi等人[9--11]以水玻璃为主要无机改性剂处理木材,提高了木材的阻燃性、耐腐性和尺寸稳定性,但降低了木材的力学性能和抗吸湿性.Yamaguchi[12--13]用硅酸钠溶液通过阳离子交换法制备了硅酸单体溶液,并在硅溶胶中添加磷酸制成一定pH值的溶液,用