环境约束下经济增长效率及其影响因素.pdfVIP

# 94 # 5 6 2009 5 环境约束下的经济增长 效率及其影响因素 1 2 ( 11 ; 21 ) = , , , : , ; , 、 , ; 、 、; 、 , 。 F42 A The Industr ial Efficiency and Its Det er minants Considerin g Envir onmental Protection Abstr act : This paper applies three models to measure the efficiency of Chinese industr ial gr owth considering the en ironmental pr otection, and analyzes the fac2 tor s influencing the industrial efficiency1The main robust conclusions are intr o2 duced as follows: Firstly, the efficiency between industries are highly unbalanced, the efficiency of manufacture of communication equipment and manufacture of measur ing instruments ha e been best pr actices since 20051 Secondly, this paper al2 so finds that foreign direct in estment, indigenous RD and market le el ha e sig2 nificantly positi e effects on comprehensi e efficiency, but the paper does not find expenditur e for technology imports, expenditure for technical reno ation and mar2 ket competition contribute to the impro ement of efficiency1 Key words: En ironment Pollution; Comprehensi e Efficiency; Affecting Fac2 tor s; Data En elopment Analysis 改革开放以来中国经济保持了高速增长的态势。但从现实国情来看, 中国经济增长的优 # 95 # 势主要 足于低成本的劳动力投入和大规模的资本投入, 要素投入对经济增长的贡献较大, 而投入所带来的产出效率相对较低。随着拥有更强竞争优势的劳动密集型经济体 ( 如印度、 越南等) 进入全球化市场, 随着资本边际报酬的递减, 中国经济增长的优势正在减弱。另一 方面, 中国经济的快速增长也给环境带来了巨大压力。2006 年我国工业废水和生活废水排 放量分别为240 亿吨和297 亿吨, 废水排放总量达到537 亿吨; 化学需氧量排放量为 1428 万吨; 二氧化硫排放量为2589 万吨, 居世界第一。全国七大水系38% 的断面属于Õ类及劣 Õ类水质, 酸沉降、光化学烟雾、细颗粒物等已经在城市密集地区构成严重的区域性污染, 城市中只有不到20% 的垃圾按照环保方式处理。世界上