基于西门子S7-200PLC的变频恒压供水系统设计.docVIP

基于西门子S7-200PLC的变频恒压供水系统设计 摘 要 随着社会经济的飞速发展，城市建设规模的不断扩大，人口的增多以及人们生活水平的不断提高，对城市供水的数量、质量、稳定性提出了越来越高的要求。我国中小城市水厂尤其是老水厂自动控制系统配置相对落后，机组的控制主要依赖值班人员的手工操作。控制过程繁琐，而且手动控制无法对供水管网的压力和水位变化及时作出恰当的反应。为了保证供水，机组通常处于超压状态运行，不但效率低、耗电量大，而且城市管网长期处于超压运行状态，曝损也十分严重。本文结合我国中小城市供水厂的现状，设计了一套基于PLC的变频调速恒压自动控制供水系统。 在变频调速恒压供水系统中，单台水泵工况的调节是通过变频器来改变电源的频率f来改变电机的转速n，从而改变水泵性能曲线得以实现的。分析水泵工况的能耗比较图，可以看出利用变频调速实现恒压供水，当转速降低时，流量与转速成正比，功率以转速的三次方下降，与传统供水方式中用阀门节流方式相比，在一定程度上可以减少能量损耗，能够明显节能。 控制系统硬件采用了德国SIMENS公司S7-200PLC，基于STEP7 MicroWin4.0编程软件，设计了一套恒压变频控制供水系统，PID控制器采用软件实现，内置在PLC中。该控制器对压力给定值与测量值的偏差进行处理，实时控制变频器的输出电压和频率，进而改变水泵电动机的转速来改变水泵出水口流量，实现管网压力的自动调节，使管网压力稳定在设定值附近。理论分析表明，该系统能够对供水过程进行自动控制，能够有效地降低能耗，保证了供水系统维持在最佳运行状况，提高生产管理水平；在实践上，该方案是切实可行的。 关键词：PLC；PID；变频调速；恒压供水；水泵 Design of Constant Pressure Water Supply System by Using Variable Frequency Speed-regulating Technology Based on S7-200 PLC Abstract With the development of social economic and the construct scale of city continuously enlarging, increasing of population and standard of living of people continuously improving， more and more demanding to quantity， quality and stability of water supply brought forward in city. The automatic degree of waterworks in town is much lower than the correspondence in city. Especially in some old waterworks, the equipment of automatic control system is dropped behind. The control of unit is mainly depended on manual operating of watches. The process of control is very complicated and that manual control cant meet the change of pressure in the pipes and the water level of the pure pond. It also cant act the proper feedback in time. For the sake of water supply， the electromotor unit usually works in the state of over charge. Not only efficiency of electromotor is low and electricity consuming is bigger， but also the pressure of pipes is overload in long term. On the basis of analyzing status in quo of the waterworks in our country， this paper designs a suit of constant pressure water supply automatic control system by using variable