铝合金材料施焊均匀性分析.docVIP

铝合金材料施焊的均匀性分析 铝是银白色的轻金属,具有良好的塑性、较高的导电性和导热性,同时还具有抗氧化和抗腐蚀的能力。铝极易氧化产生三氧化二铝薄膜,在焊缝中容易产生夹杂物,从而破坏金属的连续性,降低其机械性能和耐腐蚀性能。 Aluminum is a silvery white metal, good plasticity, high electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity, but also has the ability of oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance. Aluminum to produce 3 oxidation 2 aluminium oxide thin film, prone to inclusions in the weld, which destroy the continuity and uniformity of metal, reduce its mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. 　　2 铝合金材料的焊接难点 2 welding difficulty of aluminium alloy materials 　　 　　(1)极易氧化。在空气中,铝容易同氧化合,生成致密的三氧化二铝薄膜(厚度约0.1-0.2μm),熔点高(约2050℃),远远超过铝及铝合金的熔点(约600℃左右)。氧化铝的密度3.95-4.10g/cm3,约为铝的1.4倍,氧化铝薄膜的表面易吸附水分,焊接时,它阻碍基本金属的熔合,极易形成气孔、夹渣、未熔合等缺陷,引起焊缝性能下降。 (1) easy to oxidation. Easily with oxygen in air, aluminum, generate dense 3 oxidation 2 aluminium film (thickness of about 0.1 to 0.2 mu m), high melting point (2050 ℃), well above the melting point of aluminum, aluminum alloy (about 600 ℃ or so). Alumina density of 3.95 4.10 g/cm3, which is about 1.4 times of aluminum, and alumina film on the surface of easy absorption moisture, welding, its basic way of metal fusion, easily forming defects such as pores, slag inclusion, incomplete fusion, cause the weld performance degradation. 　　(2)易产生气孔。铝和铝合金焊接时产生气孔的主要原因是氢,由于液态铝可溶解大量的氢,而固态铝几乎不溶解氢,因此当熔池温度快速冷却与凝固时,氢来不及逸出,容易在焊缝中聚集形成气孔。氢气孔目前难于完全避免,氢的来源很多,有电弧焊气氛中的氢,铝板、焊丝表面吸附空气中的水分等。实践证明,即使氩气按gb/t4842标准要求,纯度达到99.99% 以上,但当水分含量达到20ppm时,也会出现大量的致密气孔,当空气相对湿度超过80%时,焊缝就会明显出现气孔。 (2) easy to produce porosity. Aluminum and aluminum alloy welding porosity is the main reason of the hydrogen are produced when, because a lot of liquid aluminum can be dissolved hydrogen, hydrogen and almost insoluble solid aluminium, so when the temperature of the molten pool is quickly cooled and solidified, the hydrogen doesnt escape, easy aggregation formation porosity in the weld. Hydrogen hydrogen hole is difficult to completely avoid, the source of many, there arc welding the hydro