水稻耐氨固氮菌施用效应研究.docVIP

文章编号：1008-181X（2000）04-0301-03 水稻耐氨固氮菌施用效应研究 柯玉诗黄继茂黄小红肖参明伦杏娟 kg），耐氨固氮菌的增产效果达显著水平，早、晚稻分别增产8.41%和7.21%。15N示踪盆栽试验结果表明，耐氨固氮菌对根系生长有明显的促进作用，在秧苗期明显增加秧苗对肥料15N的吸收，禾苗分蘖盛期则增强了禾苗根系的吸氮能力。 关键词：耐氨固氮菌；水稻；增产效果；根系生长 中图分类号：S144.5 文献标识码：A Effects of Ammonia Resistant Strains of N2-fixing Bacteria on Paddy Rice KE Yu-shi, HUANG Ji-mao, HUANG Xiao-hong, XIAO Can-ming, LUN Xing-juan ( Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China ) Abstract: Field trials were conducted on the early rice and the late rice. The results showed that the yield increased by Ammonia Resistant Strains of N2-fixing Bacteria (ARSNFB) was insignificant when nitrogen was supplied enough at the recommended amount. But the increased yields were significant when nitrogen supply was lower (when N was decreased by 37.5 kg/hm2 ), which were 8.41% in early rice and 7.21% in late rice. In pot trials with 15N tracer, root growth was evidently promoted by ARSNFB, the 15N contents of paddy shoots were increased, and nitrogen absorption capacity was enhanced at peak tillering after transplanting. Key words: ammonia resistant strains of N2-fixing bacteria; paddy rice; yield increase; root growth  水稻耐氨固氮菌是广东省微生物研究所采用基因工程育种技术，将nifa质粒引进到从水稻根际分离的催娩克氏菌和阴沟肠杆菌，而得到的水稻根际固氮菌耐氨型菌株，平均可增产稻谷7%。为进一步验证水稻耐氨固氮菌的N素效应，我们开展耐氨固氮菌田间小区和盆栽N素效应试验，并应用15N示踪方法探索其固氮量及效应机制。 1 田间效应试验 1.1 材料与方法 试验在花都田美村进行，供试土壤有机质含量25 g/kg，全量N 1.65 g/kg、P2O5 1.36 g/kg、K2O 6.92 g/kg，碱解N57 mg/kg，速效P2O5 156 mg/kg、K2O 130 mg/kg，pH 6.4；砂粒75.8%，粉粒16.0%，粘粒8.2%。电脑推荐施肥量为早、晚稻分别施纯N 138和156 kg/hm2，K2O 45和67.5 kg/hm2，全年可不施P肥。两造均种植优质稻澳青占。接菌处理采用芽接法。设如下5个处理。 处理1：不施肥，不接菌。 处理2：推荐施肥，不接菌。 处理3：推荐施肥，接菌。 处理4：处理2减N 37.5 kg/ hm2（早、晚稻分别减N 27%和24%）。 处理5：处理3减N 37.5 kg/ hm2（早、晚稻分别减N 27%和24%） 三次重复，随机区组排列，小区面积33.3 m2。区间筑田埂分隔，设有排灌沟，各区可独立排灌。试区周围设保护行。其余管理措施按常规进行。 结果与分析 2.1 对秧苗质素的影响 早造播种后因长期低温阴雨，秧苗成活率低，生长缓慢，秧苗于48 d秧龄移栽。晚造秧苗于18 d秧龄移栽。早、晚造均于插秧时取样调查，结果如表1，早稻接菌与否对秧苗质素影响不大，这可能与较长时间阴冷气候秧苗生长受抑制有关。而晚稻接菌与不接菌秧苗质素有明显差别：接菌处理株高增加7.93%，假茎宽增大19.23%，干物量增重12.81%；