Book 5_U1_Grammar and usage 1教程.ppt

1. 作主语 To read English every day is necessary. （不定式to read English every day 做主语） 动词不定式做主语时，为了句子平衡，通常用it做形式主语，而把不定式放在谓语之后。例如： It is necessary to read English every day. It is a good idea to go for a picnic today. It is difficult for us to complete the composition in an hour. It is foolish of you to write down everything the teacher says. 2. 作宾语 I want to see a film. （不定式to see a film 做宾语） 不定式做宾语时，若还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式放在补足语后，用it做形式宾语。例如： He find it difficult to learn Chinese. We think it important to master a foreign language. 3. 作宾语补足语 He invited me to give a speech on Chinese history. （不定式to give a speech on Chinese history 做宾语补足语，补充说明宾语me） I have a letter to post. (不定式to post做定语，修饰名词letter) 1)做定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，不定式后面须有相应的介词。例如： She had only a small room to live in. I need a pen to write with. (1)在feel, hear, listen to 等感官动词后，或在let, make, have 等使役动词后的宾语补足语中，不定式不带to。 但是这些句子变成被动结构时，就必须带to。例如： I often hear him sing the song. She made me promise to write every day. He is often heard to sing the song. I was made to promise to write every day. (2)would rather, had better和why not 后面，不定式不 带to。例如： I would rather stay at home. Why not come in? (3)当两个动词不定式由and, or, than, rather than, as或like相连接时，通常第二个不定式要省略to。例如： Do you want to go skating or see a film? I decided to write rather than phone. (4)不定式在介词but, except后时，若介词前有行为动词do的各种形式，介词后的不定式不带to。例如： He did nothing but point to the door. * 牛津高中英语 (模块五 ·高二上学期) Study the two letters on Page 5 SB, trying to translate the following sentences. Lead-in Letter One: 1.你完全可以觉得你被你的朋友所出卖了。 2.她想使你当众尴尬(难堪)。 Letter Two: 1.你似乎应该立即道歉以避免失去一位好朋友！ 2.你们必须得有一个人先承认那是不对的。 You have every right to feel betrayed by your firend. She wanted to embarrass you in public. It seems you need to apologize quickly to avoid losing a good friend! One of you has to be the first to admit that it’s a mistake. Grammar Unit 1 动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成，其否定形式是not to do。 You have every right to feel betrayed by your firend. (attribute定语) (2