1.Temperature+and+Frequency+Dependent+Surface+Impedance教程.pdfVIP

1. Temperature and Frequency Dependent Surface Impedance Only fractions of our world be- have linearly, but it is amazing howfar linear modeling has pro- ceeded. 1.1 P h y s i c a l F r a m e w o r k This section introduces the electrodynamics needed to understand the basic concept of surface impedance of superconductors. Starting with Maxwells equations and the kinetics of the charges which carry the microwave cur- rents, the treatment is kept on a phenomenological level. Three characteris- tic lengths are identified to distinguish between different limiting regimes of the electrodynamics of superconductors. The physical concept of the surface resistance and the surface reactance (or, equivalently, the penetration depth) are subsequently illustrated in terms of the energy dissipated and stored, re- spectively, in the superconductor. Finally, the effect of finite fihn thickness on the concept of the surface impedance is discussed. 1.1.1 Field Equations and Characteristic Lengths Penetration of Microwave Fields into Superconductors The interaction between a plane electromagnetic wave at circular frequency = 27r and a metal of conductivity a is described by Maxwells equations. These present expressions for the microscopic electric field vector E and the magnetic induction B, and the macroscopic displacement D and the magnetic field H . A detailed treatment of the relations between E and D and between B and H can be found, e.g., in [