高考一博《志鸿全优设计》2013-2014学年高中英语Unit5MusicPartⅡ目标导学新人教版必修2.docVIP

Unit 5　Music Part Ⅱ　Grammar 语法指南 “介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 “介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句是一个难点，也是高考的重要考点。其使用的关系代词一般是which，whom或whose，在句中既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。在学习时我们要注意以下几点： (1)关系代词的选用 在介词后作宾语的关系代词一般只有which，whose和whom。如果先行词是物，引导词用which；如果先行词是人，则引导词用whom；whose适用于两者。 This is the ship by which I went to Shanghai. 这是我去上海时所乘坐的船。 This is the student for whom I bought the book. 这是我给买书的那个学生。 The boss in whose firm I worked for 10 years retired yesterday. 我供职十年的那家公司的老板昨天退休了。 (2)介词的选用 确定“介词＋关系代词”中介词的方法主要有以下四种： ①根据定语从句中的谓语动词或形容词来选用 The fellow to whom I spoke made no answer at first. 和我说话的那个人起先没有回答。(speak to) The West Lake，for which Hangzhou is famous，is a beautiful place. 西湖是个美丽的地方，杭州以此而闻名。(be famous for) ②根据先行词来确定 In his room，we saw a big table on which there were all kinds of books. 在他的屋子里，我看见一张上面放着各种书的大桌子。(on the table) Yesterday we had a meeting at which we discussed many problems. 昨天我们开了一个会，会上我们讨论了许多问题。(at the meeting) ③根据定语从句所表达的意义来确定 Air，without which man cant live，is really important. 空气确实太重要了，没有它人类就不能生存。 ④有时需要同时考虑动词和介词的搭配关系及介词和先行词的搭配关系 The clever boy made a hole in the wall through which he could see what was happening inside the house. 这个聪明的孩子在墙上挖了一个洞通过它看到屋里面发生的事情。(see something through the hole) (3)介词的位置 介词若与从句中的动词词组有关，可置于关系代词前，也可置于动词后，但若此介词与动词为固定词组，则此介词一般不前置。例如： ①Yesterday we paid a visit to the house in which Lu Xun once lived. →Yesterday we paid a visit to the house which Lu Xun once lived in. 昨天，我们参观了鲁迅的故居。 ②This is the very pen that Im looking for. 这就是我正在寻找的那支钢笔。(look for为固定词组，介词for不前置) ③The patient whom the nurse looked after was becoming better and better.(look after为固定搭配，介词after不前置) 那护士照顾的那个病人正在好转。 (4)在限制性定语从句中，介词前置时，关系代词不能用that，且不能省略；若介词后置，则可以用that，也可以省略。 例如： This is the school in which I studied 3 years ago. 这就是三年前我在此学习过的那所学校。 →This is the school(which/that)I studied in 3 years ago. (5)表示所属关系时，介词应用of，关系代词为which/whom，即 n．＋of＋which/whom，可转换为whose＋n.。例如： ①He lives in a room，the window of which faces west. →He lives in a room whose window faces west. 他住在一个房间里，房间的窗子向西开着。 ②The chi