数模论文集2005年一等奖.pdfVIP

Tollbooths He yi, Huang Yi, Chen Yang Advisor: Li Fu Abstract Toll plazas are major bottlenecks of heavily-traveled toll roads, causing delay and congestion. Our task is to minimize motorist an- noyance by determining the optimal number of tollbooths to deploy in a barrier-toll plaza. Three models are presented in this paper to solve the problem. Firstly we develop a basic model called Traffic Flow Graphic Model which ex- amines the traffic flowing through the plaza. In this model, motorist annoyance is viewed as the combination of two factors: how many motorists are affected within the plaza and how long they take to pass it. So the product of vehicle number and the time span is taken as the measure of motorist annoyance. We express this measure in terms of 4 variables: traffic flow rate at plaza entrance, number of tollbooths, tollbooth service time span, and the exit flow capacity. The optimal number of tollbooths is just what minimizes the motorist annoyance measure function. The result is that the optimal number of tollbooths is proportional to tollbooth service time span, and it is also proportional to exit flow capacity during rush hours, or proportional to arrival flow rate during normal hours. We explicitly apply the model to the scenario where there is exactly one tollbooth per incoming travel lane. The results are: this is more effective than the current practice (more tollbooths less lanes) during normal hours, but less effective during rush hours. We develop further a delicate traffic flow model which allows the flow rate to vary, and take the probability of the event that passing toll- booths rate exceeds departure flow rate, as the motorist satisfaction measure. This measure is based on t