The Crystal Structure of Solids教程.pdfVIP

Chapter 1 The Crystal Structure of Solids 1-1 Semiconductor Materials 半導體材料 單一材料與複合材料半導體 Group III Group IV Group V The elemental (單一) materials, those that are composed of single pieces of atoms, are silicon (Si矽 ) and Germanium (Ge 鍺). 材料的晶格是由單一種原子所構成 The two-element, or binary, compounds (複合) such as gallium arsenide (GaAs砷化鎵 ) or gallium phosphide (GaP磷化鎵 ) are formed by combining one group III and one group V element. 複合材料是由III族與V族所形成 材料的晶格是由兩個以上的原子所構成 1-2 Type of Solids (a) amorphous (非結晶) (b) polycrystalline (多晶) (c) Single crystal (單晶) 1-3 Space Lattice (晶格) Lattice Point 晶格點 A generalized three-dimension unit cell is shown in Figure 1.4. The relationship between this cell and the lattice is characterized by three vector a, b, and c, which need not be perpendicular and which may or may not be equal in length. a,b,c 不一定要垂直也不一定要 等長 (3a,1b,2c) 這一點的位置在 3個a, 1個b, 2個c Every equivalent lattice point in the three-dimensional crystal can be found using the vector 每個晶格點的位置皆可由下列向量表示     r p a q b s c,   where p, q and s are integers. p, q, s是整數 1-3.2 Basic Crystal Structure (a) simple cubic 立方結構 (b) body-center cubic體心立方結構 (c) face-center cubic面心立方結構 1-3.3 Crystal Planes and Miller Indices 晶格面表示法 The vector for lattice point