计算机图形学：分形几何(双语教学).ppt

Chapter 8 Fractal Geometry分形几何 8.1 what are fractals some pictures and animation films Definitions of fractals 1. B.B.Mandelbrot (In 1982) A fractal is by definition a set for which the Hausdorff-Besicovitch dimension strictly exceeds the topological dimension. 强调维数不是整数，是分数，又称分数维 Koch curve similarity dimension is 1.26 middle third Cantor set similarity dimension: 0.68 Sierpinski triangle similarity dimension : 1.58 8.2 Fractal Properties F has a fine structure, ie detail on arbitrarily small scales. F has too irregular to be described in traditional geometrical language, both locally and globally. Often F has some form of self-similarity, perhaps approximate or statistical. Usually, the fractal dimension of F is greater than its topological dimension. In most cases of interest of F is defined in a very simple way, perhaps recursively.（递归迭代） 8.3 Fractal Dimension Fractal similarity dimension: ⑴ the straight-line segment scale number length (r) (N) 1/2 2 1 1/3 3 1 … … … 1/n n 1 1=N·r1 ⑵square (s=1) scale number area (r) (N) (s) 1/2 4 1 1/3 9 1 … … … 1/n n2 1 1=N·r2 ⑶ a cube (v=1) scale number volume (r) (N) (s) 1/2 23 1 1/3 33 1 … … … 1/n n3 1 1=N·r3 r — scaling factor N — the number of subparts N·rD=1 D=㏒N/ ㏒(1/