河南省农业气象灾害时序特征及对粮食生产的影响.docVIP

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河南省农业气象灾害时序特征及对粮食生产的影响.doc

河南省农业气象灾害时序特征及对粮食生产的影响.doc

河南省农业气象灾害时序特征及对粮食生产的影响 摘要:对河南省自1978年以来的农业气象灾害时序特征及对粮食生产的影响从受灾和成灾两个层面进行综合研究。结果表明,在各类农业气象灾害中以旱灾最为严重,其次是水灾,再次是冰雹和霜冻灾害,其中旱灾和水灾占到了80%以上,是河南省的主要农业气象灾害;各类农业气象灾害均呈现出规律性波动变化,表明进行农业气象灾害周期性规律研究是可行的;受灾与成灾的面积呈现出一定周期性波动,并且相应年份的农业气象灾害受(成)灾面积的灾损程度与粮食总产呈负相关。研究结果与河南省农业气象灾害发生的实际情况基本吻合,为河南省的农业生产及灾害防治提供了理论依据。 关键词:农业气象灾害;时序特征;粮食生产;河南省 abstract: the the temporal evolution characteristics of agricultural meteorological disasters and its effect on grain production in two dimensions of disaster-affected and disaster-formative in henan province since 1978 were studied. the results showed that the sequence in various types of agricultural meteorological disasters was drought, floods, hail and frost disaster according to the hazard rank. the main agricultural meteorological disasters were drought and floods, which accounted for more than 80% in henan province. all kinds of agricultural meteorological disasters showed the regularity of variation, which showed that the feasibility of study on the agricultural meteorological disasters periodically. disaster-affected and disaster-informative showed a certain cyclical fluctuations, and in the corresponding year of agricultural meteorological disaster by disaster affected (informative), the relationship between the degree of disaster damage and the total yields of grain was negative. the results were in accord with the fact in henan province, and provided a theoretical basis for disaster prevention and agricultural production in henan province. key words:agricultural meteorological disaster; temporal characteristics; grain product; henan province 对于农业气象灾害常有“十年九旱”及成灾面积必然小于受灾面积等基本判断,但是具体到特定区域并没有准确的科学依据。河南省是我国的粮食生产大省,对确保国家粮食安全具有十分重要的战略意义和现实意义,但其也是一个灾害频繁的省份,旱、涝、风、雹、震、雷、雪等时有发生,其中旱灾频发性最高,对农业生产危害尤为严重[1]。因而,有必要对河南省的农业气象灾害时序演变特征进行分析研究,为粮食生产安全防范和风险决策提供科学依据。截至目前,国内外学者们分别在气候变化、自然灾害对粮食安全的影响方面开展了相关研究,但专门从干旱灾害视角探讨粮食安全的研究还处于起步阶段,结合气象资料和粮食产量对农业干旱灾害的变化特征与粮食安全进行综合研究的文献不多。我国学者对农业气象灾害从区域分布与减灾对策、风险评估、对作物产量的影响等方面进行了研究[2-4];对于农业旱灾时空特征分析的研究主要开展了甘肃省、广东省、安徽省、内蒙古等层面的研究[5-8],而

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