墩前淤积对桥墩稳定性影响之试验与模拟.pdfVIP

2012 SIMULIA Regional User Meeting 墩前淤積對橋墩穩定性影響之試驗與模擬 1 2 3 3 1 黃仲偉 , 王威翔 , 洪曉慧 , 陳筱安 , 李昊翰 1 2 3 中原大學土木工程學系； 士盟科技；國家地震工程研究中心 摘要 近年來因氣候變遷所造成的極端降雨常造成橋樑的破壞，而其破壞模式常導因於橋墩附近淤 積之漂流物使橋體所受之水流作用力產生加乘效果，進而影響橋墩或上部結構之穩定性。實 務上工程師缺乏可靠的分析模式來估計此等作用力，故無法合理地評估橋梁於極端降雨作用 下之安全性。有鑑於此，本研究以沉箱基礎橋墩之單墩作為探討對象進行洪水下穩定試驗， 藉由試驗與模擬探討橋墩結構在不同水流速度、基礎裸露深度與不同程度的漂流物淤積狀態 下之穩定性。實驗中漂流物淤積於墩前之情況係以不同尺寸之木板模擬，同時於木板後安裝 荷重計以量測水流力透過木板對墩前造成之壓力；另於橋墩墩頂安裝速度計，量測橋墩墩頂 於水流作用下之反應，透過希爾伯特─黃轉換來判斷橋墩的穩定性。數值模擬部分則採用尤 拉分析來模擬水槽實驗中的各種現象。本研究可獲得不同程度漂流物淤積狀態下，不同流速 水流力對橋墩所作用之壓力以及引致之沖刷深度。 關鍵字： 墩前淤積、橋墩、希爾伯特─黃轉換、尤拉分析 ABSTRACT According to past reconnaissance reports on typhoons or floods, the failure modes of collapse bridges can be contributed to debris accumulation. The debris not only increases the effective area of substructure components, but also reduces the flow area and cause backwater upstream. To gain better understanding of bridge behavior in an extreme flood event, the hydraulic loads has to be calculated precisely, especially the hydraulic loads under the condition of debris accumulation. In order to examine the bridge structure behavior in different flood velocities, levels of foundation exposure, and debris accumulation extent, a series of small scale hydraulic model tests of cross-river piers under flood water and debris loads were conducted. In this experiment, planks of different sizes were used to simulate the debris accumulation of different levels. A load cell is installed after the plank to measure the hydraulic load while velocimeters are installed on the top of piers to measure the corresponding responses. Hilb