毕业论文---工艺系统振动分析与思考.docVIP

目 录 摘 要···································································· 关键词···································································· 一、工艺系统的概念························································· 二、工艺系统振动对机械加工的影响··········································· （一） 工艺系统振动的定义·················································· （二）工艺系统振动对机械加工过程的影响····································· 三、工艺系统振动的分析····················································· （一）振动的类型··························································· （二）受迫振动产生的原因··················································· （三）受迫振动的特性······················································· （四）受迫振动途径的控制及消除············································· （五）自激振动产生的原因··················································· （六）自激振动的特点······················································· （七）从工艺角度上来控制或消除自激振动····································· （八）举例································································· 四、对工艺系统振动的发展与思考············································· 五、总 结·································································· 六、参考文献······························································· 七、致 谢·································································· 工艺系统振动分析与思考 摘 要：机械加工中的振动是一种十分有害的物理现象。通过分析机械加工中的各种振动产生的原因和特性，提出了相应的减振措施。在实际生产中，合理采用这些措施对保证零件表面品质、提高生产力有着积极的意义。 关键词：机械加工；振动；控制措施 一、工艺系统的概念 机械加工中，机床、刀具、夹具和被加工工件一起构成了一个实现某种加工方法的整体系统，这一系统就被称为机械加工工艺系统。在机械加工过程中，工艺系统经常会发生振动，即刀具相对于工件发生周期性的往复位移。 二、工艺系统振动对机械加工的影响 机械加工中的振动对加工表面质量和生产率有很大的影响，是一种十分有害的物理现象。若加工中产生了振动，刀具与工件间将产生相对位移，会使加工表面产生振 痕，严重影响零件的表面质量和性能；振动使刀具受到附加动载荷，加速刀具磨损，有时甚至崩刃；同时振动使机床、夹具等的连接部分松动，从而增大间隙，降低刚度和精度，缩短使用寿命，严重时甚至使切削加工无法继续进行；振动中产生的噪声还将危害操作者的身体健康。为减小振动，有时不得不降低切削量，使机床加工的生产效率降低。因此，研究分析机械加工中的振动原因和特性，寻求控制振动的有效途径是很有必要的。 三、工艺系统振动的分析 （一）振动的类型 振动按其产生的原因来分类有三种：自由振动、受迫振动和自激振动。据统计，受迫振动约占30%，自激振动约占65%，自由振动占比重则很小。自由振动往往是由于切削力的忽然变化或其它外界力的冲击等原因所引起的，是一种迅速衰减的振动，对加工的影响很小，通常可以忽略不计。受迫振动是在外界周期性干扰力持续作用下，系统受迫产生的振动。自激振动则是依靠振动系统在自身运动中激发出交变力维持的振动。切削