城市生态基础设施建设的十大景观战略5124899683.docVIP

城市生态基础设施建设的十大景观战略 俞孔坚 李迪华 潮洛蒙 北京大学景观规划设计中心 北京土人景观规划设计研究所 摘要 如同市政基础设施，城市的生态基础设施是城市及其居民持续获得自然生态服务的保障。面对中国未来巨大的城市化前景，前瞻性的城市生态基础设施建设具有非常重要的战略意义。为此，本文提出了十大战略，包括⑴维护和强化整体山水格局的连续性；⑵保护和建立多样化的乡土生境系统；⑶维护和恢复河流和海岸的自然形态；⑷保护和恢复湿地系统；⑸将城郊防护林体系与城市绿地系统相结合；⑹建立无汽车绿色通道；⑺开放专用绿地；⑻溶解公园，使其成为城市的生命基质；⑼溶解城市，保护和利用高产农田作为城市的有机组成部分；⑽建立乡土植物苗圃基地。通过这些景观战略,建立大地绿脉,成为城市可持续发展的生态基础设施. 关键词：生态基础设施，生态规划，城市设计，绿地系统，景观 Ten Landscape Strategies To Build Urban Ecological Infrastructure Yu Kongjian Li Diehua Chao Luomeng Beijing University Abstract: Just as urban civic infrastructure, the urban ecological infrastructure plays the fundamental role for the sustainable ecological services that the city and urban residents can enjoy. Facing the fast urbanization process in China, a future-oriented ecological infrastructure is strategically important for every city. This paper proposed ten landscape strategies to establish such future-oriented ecological infrastructure, including: 1)keep and restore connectivity of the overall natural landscapes; 2)protect and restore diverse native habitats; 3)preserve and restore natural forms of rivers and seashores; 4)protect and restore wetland system; 5)integrate suburban greenbelts into urban green space systems; 6) establish auto-free greenways; 7)open unite green space; 8)dissolve parks into urban green matrix; 9)protect agricultural fields and integrated them into the green matrix of the built up urban area; 10)establish native plants nurserys. These ten strategies are ways to establish an ecological infrastructure for the sustainable urban development in the future of centuries to come. Key words: ecological infrastructure, greenways, ecological planning, urban design, open space system, landscape 一、引言:城市生态基础设施 国人常常为伦敦百年不落后的市政基础设施而惊叹不已。城市的可持续发展依赖于具有前瞻性的市政基础设施建设，包括道路系统，给排水系统等，如果这些基础不完善或前瞻性不够，在随后的城市开发过程中必然要付出沉重的代价。关于这一点，许多城市决策者似乎已有了充分的认识，国家近年来在投资上的推动也促进了城市基础设施建设。 这里要讨论的是另一类城市可持续发展所依赖的基础设施，即生态基础设施（Ecological Infrastructure ）(Mander, Jagonaegi, et al. 1988; Selm and Van, 1