不同规模农户生产技术效率及影响因素——基于随机前沿生产函数与来自陕西省果农微观证据.docVIP

不同规模农户生产技术效率及其影响因素( ——基于随机前沿生产函数与来自陕西省果农的微观证据 屈小博 (西北农林科技大学经济管理学院，陕西 杨凌712100） 摘要：以来自陕西省苹果主产区果农微观证据，采用超越对数随机前沿生产函数模型和农户样本资料，估计不同经营规模农户生产技术效率、分布以及农户技术效率损失的影响因素。结果表明：经营规模与农户生产技术效率呈现“倒U型”效应趋势，即中等经营规模农户生产效率高于小规模农户和规模较大的农户，并且农户技术效率提升的空间较大；进一步的技术效率损失影响因素分析发现，在三种经营规模中，教育和技术培训等人力资本投资，科技信息的传播与推广对农户家庭生产技术效率都具有显著的正效应，非农经营、转包耕地和信用可得性等因素具有负效应，家庭人口规模、户主年龄、农民合作组织等因素对生产效率影响不显著。最后，本文提出了相关政策启示。 关键词：不同规模农户；技术效率；随机前沿生产函数；影响因素 Production Technical Efficiency of Different Farmer Size and It’s Influencing Factors Qu Xiaobo （College of Economics and Management, Northwest AF University,Yangling, Shaanxi 712100） Abstract: Using Tanslog Stochastic Frontier Production Function Model and a large set of first-hand household-level survey data from fruit growers in Shaanxi Province, this paper makes an attempt at both theoretical and empirical analysis of the production technical efficiency of different farmer size and its influencing factors. Results show that: firstly, management size and farmer households’ production technical efficiency displays an inverted “U” tendency, that means, medium-sized farmer households have a higher production efficiency than both small-sized and large-sized, and have a bigger room for technical efficiency enhancement; secondly, technical efficiency loss shows that regardless of farm size, human resources investment like education and technical training and the extension and popularization of sci-tech information have a marked positive effect on the production efficiency of farmer households, while non-farm management, arable land subtraction and credit availability have a negative effect, other factors like family size, age and agro-cooperatives do not show a marked effect. Finally, the paper draws research conclusion and puts forward some policy suggestion. Keywords: Different farm size; Technical efficiency; Stochastic Frontier Production Function; Influencing factors JEL Classification: Q160, O330 一、引言 随着现代生物技术、动植物遗传育种技术和现代园艺技术等农业领域的科技进步以及加入WTO后农产品国际贸易的冲击，