几何形态学及在哺乳动物中分类.docxVIP

几何形态学及其在哺乳动物中的分类赵丽西华师范大学生命科学学院专业：动物学 学号：314071002008摘要：本文简要回顾了几何形态学的发展历史，介绍了30多年来该领域使用的主要方法及其在哺乳动物分类研究中的实际应用。除目前应用最为广泛的标点法和轮廓线法外，基于三维数据的表面特征分析和有限元分析也在该领域得到推广。这些方法可运用于化石分析、头骨分析、种群分化、种上进化以及复杂功能结构的形态集成等科学问题。几何形态学与生物信息学的综合运用还将有利于探讨表型变化与遗传物质变化的相关性。随着生物成像技术和海量数据计算技术的进步，几何形态学将由目前以二维数据为主的研究向三维重建和分析的方向发展。关键词：几何形态学；标点法；轮廓线法；哺乳动物分类Methods geometric morphology and the application in the classification of mammalsLizhaoChina West Normal University, College of life scienceAbstract: Geometric morph metrics has been recognized as one of the most in portents tools in Biology. Investigations referring to the ontogeny and evolution of several animal groups have been fascinated by development of new theories and methods in this field, while those theories and methods are poorly known to China so far．Here，we give a brief introduction on the methodologies proposed in the last thirty years，and the application in the classification of mammals．The most frequently used methods are landmarks，outlines，while surface analysis and finite element analysis have been proposed based on 3-dimentional data in the last decade. These methods can be applied to the analysis of fossil skulls, analysis, population differentiation, a complex evolution and function of the structure of morphological integration of scientific problems. The integrated use of geometrical morphology and bioinformatics will also have relevance to investigate the changes of phenotype variation and genetic material. With the development of technologies in biological imaging and mass data processing，the 3-D geometric analysis probably will replace the 2-D dominated methods．Key words: Geometric Morphometrics; Scientific computing; Classification of mammals形态分析是生物系统学及其多样性研究中很重要的一部分。随着统计学的发展,我们可以对非常复杂的数据进行分析，这在客观上导致了多变量形态测量的出现。人类对生物有机体的认识和生物分类系统的建立在很大程度上依赖于对其形态结构的观察与认知。生物的形态(form)主要由大小(size)、形状(shape)、方位(orientation)和物理性能(physical property)4个元素构成，它们决定了生物有机体的生理机能。在国外，几何形态学(Geometric morphometrics)已广泛应用于探讨生物的个体发育、种群分化、系统进化等多个方面，其研究对象涉及到植物、动物