声学渔探仪设计【毕业论文】.doc

本科毕业论文 （20 届） 声学渔探仪设计 摘要 传统的渔探仪即主动式渔探仪的实质是主动式声纳系统，它存在着体积庞大、造价高以及操作复杂等缺点，为了解决这些问题，将现已发展成熟的矢量水听器加入到渔探仪中产生被动式渔探仪。利用矢量水听器可以同时、共点测量空间点上的振速和声压信息，然后从中提取我们所需的信号，采用最大似然比检测，通过与已知的目标特征进行比较，从而能够得到待识别的鱼群的种类。本文将分析被动式渔探仪相对于主动式渔探仪而言，其具有的优点以及具有这些优点的原因。随着海洋噪声环境的恶化，矢量水听器从复杂的噪声场中检测出是否含有我们所需要的信号，即鱼群信号变得越来越困难，因而需要对系统进行优化，采用矢量水听器组成垂直阵列来提高性噪比，有效屏蔽一部分环境噪声，从而提高了矢量水听器的检测能力。 关键词：主动式渔探仪；被动式渔探仪；矢量水听器；目标识别；系统优化 Abstract The traditional fishery detector in other words is active fishery detector.The substance of active fishery detector is active sonar system ,which there is a large volume, high cost and complex operation and other shortcomings.In order to solve these problems,we apply passive sonar technology to the fishery detector prodcuing passive fishery detector. Hydrophone can be used simultaneously, concurrent measurements of space points and sound pressure on the velocity information, and then extract the signal we need, using the maximum likelihood ratio test, with the known target features were compared, which can are the types of fish to be identified. This paper will analyze passive sounder with respect to fisheries and fisheries sounder active, its advantages and with reason with these advantages. With the deterioration of the marine environment, noise, vector hydrophone noise field from the complex detected in the presence of what we need to signal that the fish signal becomes increasingly difficult, and therefore the need to optimize the system, using vector hydrophone array of devices to improve the composition of the vertical noise ratio, the effective shielding part of the environmental noise, thus improving the detection of vector sensor capabilities. Key words: active fishery detector; passive fishery detector; hydrophone;target recognition;system optimization. 目 录 摘要 2 Abstract 3 1绪论 1 1.1鱼探仪的简要介绍 1 1.2鱼探仪的发展历程 1 1.3矢量水听器目前发展情况 2 2渔探仪的结构设计 4 2.1理论基础及设计方案 4 2.2矢量水听器的结构与选择 6 2.3信号放大及处理 8 2.3.1信号放大及调理部分的具体作用 8 2.3.2低噪声前置放大器 8 2.3.3抗混带通滤波器 8 2.3.4可变增益放大器 9 2.3.5渔探仪的数据采集 10 2